全文获取类型
收费全文 | 284篇 |
免费 | 15篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
302篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 20篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 14篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 21篇 |
2006年 | 14篇 |
2005年 | 27篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 19篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有302条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
41.
Shunsuke Nagashima Madoka Osawa Hiroto Matsuyama Wataru Ohoka Aemi Ahn 《Chronobiology international》2018,35(2):229-239
The guidelines for night and shift workers recommend that after night work, they should sleep in a dark environment during the daytime. However, staying in a dark environment during the daytime reduces nocturnal melatonin secretion and delays its onset. Daytime bright-light exposure after night work is important for melatonin synthesis the subsequent night and for maintaining the circadian rhythms. However, it is not clear whether daytime sleeping after night work should be in a dim- or a bright-light environment for maintaining melatonin secretion. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the effect of bright-light exposure during daytime sleeping on nocturnal melatonin secretion after simulated night work. Twelve healthy male subjects, aged 24.8 ± 4.6 (mean ± SD), participated in 3-day sessions under two experimental conditions, bright light or dim light, in a random order. On the first day, the subjects entered the experimental room at 16:00 and saliva samples were collected every hour between 18:00 and 00:00 under dim-light conditions. Between 00:00 and 08:00, they participated in tasks that simulated night work. At 10:00 the next morning, they slept for 6 hours under either a bright-light condition (>3000 lx) or a dim-light condition (<50 lx). In the evening, saliva samples were collected as on the first day. The saliva samples were analyzed for melatonin concentration. Activity and sleep times were recorded by a wrist device worn throughout the experiment. In the statistical analysis, the time courses of melatonin concentration were compared between the two conditions by three-way repeated measurements ANOVA (light condition, day and time of day). The change in dim light melatonin onset (ΔDLMO) between the first and second days, and daytime and nocturnal sleep parameters after the simulated night work were compared between the light conditions using paired t-tests. The ANOVA results indicated a significant interaction (light condition and3 day) (p = .006). Post hoc tests indicated that in the dim-light condition, the melatonin concentration was significantly lower on the second day than on the first day (p = .046); however, in the bright-light condition, there was no significant difference in the melatonin concentration between the days (p = .560). There was a significant difference in ΔDLMO between the conditions (p = .015): DLMO after sleeping was advanced by 11.1 ± 17.4 min under bright-light conditions but delayed for 7.2 ± 13.6 min after sleeping under dim-light conditions. No significant differences were found in any sleep parameter. Our study demonstrated that daytime sleeping under bright-light conditions after night work could not reduce late evening melatonin secretion until midnight or delay the phase of melatonin secretion without decreasing the quality of the daytime sleeping. Thus, these results suggested that, to enhance melatonin secretion and to maintain their conventional sleep–wake cycle, after night work, shift workers should sleep during the daytime under bright-light conditions rather than dim-light conditions. 相似文献
42.
A simple method to disperse eggs from lepidopteran scalelike egg masses and to observe embryogenesis
Various insect species lay tiny, thin- and soft-shelled eggs in a connected “egg mass”. Especially in several lepidopteran species, the structure of such clustered eggs is covered with complicated scale-like secretion, which has so far prevented analysis of individual embryos. However, few studies on methods to disperse egg clusters of such insects and to compare different methods have been carried out. To overcome these problems, we developed methods to separate egg masses into individual eggs, using two Tortricidae pests, Homona magnanima Diakonoff and Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The eggs were successfully separated from each other using potassium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite. Although the separated eggs no longer continued their embryogenesis, fixation with heptane–paraformaldehyde, permeabilization with heptane–methanol, and staining with several dyes enabled easy observation of embryogenesis. This protocol is expected to be applicable to other insect taxa and will facilitate further morphological and genetic studies in insects that lay egg masses. 相似文献
43.
Kotaro Oyama Tomomi Arai Akira Isaka Taku Sekiguchi Hideki Itoh Yusuke Seto Makito Miyazaki Takeshi Itabashi Takashi Ohki Madoka Suzuki Shin'ichi Ishiwata 《Biophysical journal》2015,109(2):355-364
Living cells sense absolute temperature and temporal changes in temperature using biological thermosensors such as ion channels. Here, we reveal, to our knowledge, a novel mechanism of sensing spatial temperature gradients within single cells. Spherical mitotic cells form directional membrane extensions (polar blebs) under sharp temperature gradients (≥∼0.065°C μm−1; 1.3°C temperature difference within a cell), which are created by local heating with a focused 1455-nm laser beam under an optical microscope. On the other hand, multiple nondirectional blebs are formed under gradual temperature gradients or uniform heating. During heating, the distribution of actomyosin complexes becomes inhomogeneous due to a break in the symmetry of its contractile force, highlighting the role of the actomyosin complex as a sensor of local temperature gradients. 相似文献
44.
Takahashi K Inuzuka M Ingi T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2004,325(1):203-214
Universal protein networks conserved from bacteria to animals dictate the core functions of cells. Inorganic pyrophosphatase (IPP) is an essential enzyme that plays a pivotal role in a broad spectrum of cellular biosynthetic reactions such as amino acid, nucleotide, polysaccharide, and fatty acid biosynthesis. However, the in vivo cellular regulation mechanisms of IPP and another key metabolic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the universal protein regulatory network by utilizing genome sequences, yeast proteomic data, and phosphoryl-transfer experiments. Here we report a novel human protein, henceforth referred to as calphoglin, which interacts with IPP and activates it. Calphoglin enhances PGM activity through the activated IPP and more directly on its own. Protein structure and assembly, catalytic function, and ubiquitous cellular localization of the calphoglin (-IPP-PGM) complex were conserved among Escherichia coli, yeast, and mammals. In the rat brain, calphoglin mRNA was enriched in the hippocampus and the cerebellum. Further, the linkage of the calphoglin complex to calcium signaling was demonstrated by its interactive co-localization within the calmodulin/calcineurin signaling complex, by Ca(2+)-binding and Ca(2+)-controlled activity of calphoglin-IPP, and by calphoglin-induced enhancement of microsomal Ca(2+) uptake. Collectively, these results suggest that the calphoglin complex is a common mechanism utilized in mediating bacterial cell metabolism and Ca(2+)/calmodulin/calcineurin-dependent mammalian cell activation. This is the first report of an activator of IPP and PGM, a function novel to proteins. 相似文献
45.
Temporal and spatial changes in gene expression,metabolite accumulation and phytohormone content in rice seedlings grown under drought stress conditions 下载免费PDF全文
Daisuke Todaka Yu Zhao Takuya Yoshida Madoka Kudo Satoshi Kidokoro Junya Mizoi Ken‐Suke Kodaira Yumiko Takebayashi Mikiko Kojima Hitoshi Sakakibara Kiminori Toyooka Mayuko Sato Alisdair R. Fernie Kazuo Shinozaki Kazuko Yamaguchi‐Shinozaki 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,90(1):61-78
46.
Jing Zhang Saki Taniguchi Hironori Ito Kazuhiro Iiyama Madoka Hino Tsutomu Katayama 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2017,81(10):1937-1940
A toxin-antitoxin system, vp1842/vp1843, locates within a superintegron on the Vibrio parahaemolyticus genome chromosome I whose toxin gene vp1843 encodes a DNA nicking endonuclease. We found that the vp1843 expression in Escherichia coli cells strongly induced chromosomal DNA degradation. On the basis of these observations, we discuss a possible physiological role of vp1842/vp1843 in V. parahaemolyticus. 相似文献
47.
Nakanishi K Hoshino M Nakai M Kunimi Y 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2008,275(1640):1249-1254
Maternally inherited female-biased sex ratios have been documented in many invertebrate species. One cause of such biased sex ratios is male killing, i.e. only males die. In most species, male killing occurs during embryonic stages (early male killing) and is associated with cytoplasmic bacteria, including Wolbachia, Spiroplasma, Rickettsia, Flavobacteria and gamma proteobacteria. However, the oriental tea tortrix, Homona magnanima, is one of the few species in which male death occurs in the larval or pupal stage, and is thus an example of late male killing. We partially purified the agent causing late male killing in H. magnanima and showed that it consists of two RNA sequences. This represents an entirely novel agent causing late male killing. 相似文献
48.
49.
Kazuhiko Ishihara Yusuke Goto Madoka Takai Ryosuke Matsuno Yuuki Inoue Tomohiro Konno 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2011
Background
Materials with excellent biocompatibility on interfaces between artificial system and biological system are needed to develop any equipments and devices in bioscience, bioengineering and medicinal science. Suppression of unfavorable biological response on the interface is most important for understanding real functions of biomolecules on the surface. So, we should design and prepare such biomaterials.Scoop of review
One of the best ways to design the biomaterials is generated from mimicking a cell membrane structure. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayered membrane and embedded proteins and polysaccharides. The surface of the cell membrane-like structure is constructed artificially by molecular integration of phospholipid polymer as platform and conjugated biomolecules. Here, it is introduced as the effectiveness of biointerface with highly biological functions observed on artificial cell membrane structure.Major conclusions
Reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption is essential for suppression of unfavorable bioresponse and achievement of versatile biomedical applications. Simultaneously, bioconjugation of biomolecules on the phospholipid polymer platform is crucial for a high-performance interface.General significance
The biointerfaces with both biocompatibility and biofunctionality based on biomolecules must be installed on advanced devices, which are applied in the fields of nanobioscience and nanomedicine.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Nanotechnologies - Emerging Applications in Biomedicine. 相似文献50.
Tenorio E Saeki T Fujita K Kitakawa M Baba T Mori H Isono K 《FEMS microbiology letters》2003,225(1):107-114
To understand the nature and function of bacterial biofilm and the process of its formation, we have performed systematic screening of a complete set of Escherichia coli genes/open reading frames (ORFs) to identify those that affect biofilm development upon over-expression. In contrast to the biofilm of strain AG1 used as a control, some of the genes/ORFs when over-expressed led to the formation of an abnormal biofilm such as thin, mat-like, filamentous or one easily detaching from various surfaces. Disruptants of selected genes were constructed in order to clarify their roles in the different stages of biofilm formation. Our results suggest that diverse metabolic pathways contribute to the development of biofilm. 相似文献