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181.
182.
Madhusmita Bal Prakash K. Sahu Nityananda Mandal Ashok K. Satapathy Manoranjan Ranjit Shatanu K. Kar 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2015,9(7)
Background
Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) launched by WHO aims to eliminate the disease by 2020. To achieve the goal annual mass drug administration (MDA) with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole (ABZ) has been introduced in all endemic countries. The current policy however excludes pregnant mothers and children below two years of age from MDA. Since pregnancy and early childhood are critical periods in determining the disease outcome in older age, the present study was undertaken to find out the influence of maternal filarial infection at the time of pregnancy on the susceptibility outcome of children born in a community after implementation of MDA for the first time.Methodology and Principal Findings
The participants in this cohort consists of pregnant mothers and their subsequently born children living in eight adjacent villages endemic for filarial infections, in Khurda District, Odisha, India, where MDA has reduced microfilariae (Mf) rate from 12% to 0.34%. Infection status of mother and their children were assessed by detection of Mf as well as circulating filarial antigen (CFA) assay. The present study reveals a high rate of acquiring filarial infection by the children born to infected mother than uninfected mothers even though Mf rate has come down to < 1% after implementation of ten rounds of MDA.Significance
To attain the target of eliminating lymphatic filariasis the current MDA programme should give emphasis on covering the women of child bearing age. Our study recommends incorporating supervised MDA to Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health Programme (ARSH) to make the adolescent girls free from infection by the time of pregnancy so as to achieve the goal. 相似文献183.
The chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence emission as well as excitation and polarization characteristics of chloroplasts from intact
cotyledons were determined in pumpkin seedlings after removal of one cotyledon (co-cotyledon) or apical bud or primary root,
or after kinetin treatment of derooted seedlings. Qualitatively, the fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of chloroplasts
were similar. The fluorescence emission spectra showed a maximum at 685 (F685) and a hump at 735 nm (F735), whereas the excitation
spectra showed peaks at 439, 471, 485, and 676 nm. The fluorescence intensities at F685 and F735 differed in various groups
of seedlings, as indicated by changes in their ratios. Similarly, the ratios of 471/439, 485/439, and 676/439 nm were also
different. Variability in the Chl fluorescence intensity values and the fluorescence polarization of chloroplasts prepared
from various seedling types may suggest a different degree of binding between the pigment complexes and light-harvesting Chl-protein
(LHCP), resulting in different rates of photoexcitation energy loss in the form of fluorescence emission. Kinetin treatment
improved the coupling of pigment complexes with reaction centre, as indicated by low polarization values in derooted and kinetin-treated
seedlings, which suggests the development of a suntype chloroplast.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
184.
Rob Marchant Cassian Mumbi Swadhin Behera Toshio Yamagata 《African Journal of Ecology》2007,45(1):4-16
A growing body of evidence suggests that an independent ocean circulation system in the Indian Ocean, the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), is partly responsible for driving climate variability of the surrounding landmasses. The IOD had traditionally been viewed as an artefact of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system although increasingly the evidence is amassing that it is separate and distinct phenomenon. We review the causes of the IOD, how it develops within the Indian Ocean, the relationships with ENSO, and the consequences for East African climate dynamics and associated impacts on ecosystems, in particular along the Eastern Arc Mountains of Kenya and Tanzania. We evaluate current research initiatives focussed on characterizing and constraining the IOD and examine how effective these will be in determining climate change impacts on East African ecosystems and how such predictive capacity can be used in developing policy. 相似文献
185.
Behera AK Durand E Cugini C Antonara S Bourassa L Hildebrand E Hu LT Coburn J 《Cellular microbiology》2008,10(2):320-331
Borrelia burgdorferi , the causative agent of Lyme disease, activates multiple signalling pathways leading to induction of pro-inflammatory mediators at sites of inflammation. Binding of B. burgdorferi to integrin α3 β1 on human chondrocytes activates signalling leading to release of several pro-inflammatory mediators, but the B. burgdorferi protein that binds integrin α3 β1 and elicits this response has remained unknown. A search of the B. burgdorferi genome for a canonical integrin binding motif, the RGD (Arg–Gly–Asp) tripeptide, revealed several candidate ligands for integrins. In this study we show that one of these candidates, BBB07, binds to integrin α3 β1 and inhibits attachment of intact B. burgdorferi to the same integrin. BBB07 is expressed during murine infection as demonstrated by recognition by infected mouse sera. Recombinant purified BBB07 induces pro-inflammatory mediators in primary human chondrocyte cells by interaction with integrin α3 β1 . This interaction is specific, as P66, another integrin ligand of B. burgdorferi , does not activate signalling through α3 β1 . In summary, we have identified a B. burgdorferi protein, BBB07, that interacts with integrin α3 β1 and stimulates production of pro-inflammatory mediators in primary human chondrocyte cells. 相似文献
186.
The lichen species namely Usnea ghattensis, Heterodermia podocarpa, Arthothelium awasthii and Parmotrema tinctorum have been cultured in vitro and were screened for their antioxidant and antibacterial potential using different assay systems. The methanol extract of lichens showed antioxidant and antibacterial activities according to the order U. ghattensis>A. awasthii>H. podocarpa>P. tinctorum. The IC(50) values for the antioxidant activities of U. ghattensis and A. awasthii are less or equivalent to that of standard antioxidants. The methanolic extracts of the mycobiont and photobiont cultures of lichenU. ghattensis and A. awasthii were effective against Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was found between 5 and 10microg extract/ml. The results suggested that the extract of mycobiont and photobiont cultures of lichen U. ghattensis and A. awasthii could be of use as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial properties for the possible food supplement or in the pharmaceutical industry. 相似文献
187.
188.
A preliminary investigation in the Subansiri area of the eastern Himalaya recorded high plant endemism. As a regular exercise of field sampling of various forest types to map the biorich areas, the number of species observed was evaluated to analyze their endemic status in one of the important hotspot regions of the world. The total number of individuals, species, genera and families observed were recorded in various natural and semi-natural forest types. A total of 122 plots sampled randomly in various forest types recorded 764 plant species, of which 59 were found to be endemic. The overall species endemism is observed to be 13 per ha. These 59 species belong to 27 families and 46 genera. Fifty percent of species were from just five families, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Acanthaceae, Magnoliaceae and Rosaceae. Stem size class distribution of the most abundantly found endemic tree species in three primary forest types indicated a quantitative status. This study envisages the status of plant endemism carried out following a proportional stratified random sampling method for various classified vegetation cover types using satellite remote sensing data. Many primitive genera and families were recorded which are indicative of long evolutionary age and affinities of the area with respect to species endemism. 相似文献
189.
190.
Madhusmita Dehingia Supriyo Sen Bhuwan Bhaskar Tulsi K. Joishy Manab Deka Narayan C. Talukdar Mojibur R. Khan 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(6):69