The biology of the cutworm Tryphaena pronuba L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Summary Adults of the cutworm Tryphaena pronuba L. fly between June and October and lay about 1,400 eggs. There are seven larval instars, followed by a pre-pupal (diapause) stage in January and pupation in May. The effects of different temperatures on the rate of egg, larval and pupal development are described and discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Die Imagines des Hausmütterchens, Tryphaena pronuba L., fliegen zwischen Juni und Oktober und legen etwa 1400 Eier ab. Auf sieben Larvenstadien folgt ein Präpuppenstadium, das von Anfang Januar bis Mitte Mai diapausiert. Systematische Versuche über den Einfluß der Temperatur auf die Entwicklungsrate von Eiern, Larven und Puppen zeigen, daß die optimale Entwicklungstemperatur für die Eier (90–100% Schlupf) bei etwa 25° liegt. Da sich jedoch die Jungraupen bei dieser Temperatur ebensowenig wie bei 10° normal weiterentweckeln können, ist als optimale Temperatur für Embryonal-und Larvenentwicklung 15–20° zu betrachten. Bei Wechseltemperaturen (zwischen verschiedenen 10°-Intervallen) stimmten Schlupfprozente und Entwicklungszeiten ziemlich genau mit den Werten überein, welche sich bei konstanten Temperaturen in Höhe der Mittelwerte ergeben hatten; nur bei 10° war der Schlupf gegenüber 5-und 15°-Wechsel stärker gehemmt und die Entwicklungszeit verdoppelt. Tiefere, Temperaturen (0,8–5°) erniedrigten-auch im Freiland-schon bei kurzer Einwirkungszeit die Schlupfprozente, obwohl sich die überlebenden bei 25° normal weiterentwickelten. Die Larvalentwicklung dauerte bei 10, 15, 20 und 25° neun, acht, drei bzw. zwei Monate bei einer Entwicklungsrate von 10, 40, 50 bzw. 7%. Das Präpuppenstadium dauerte bei 25° weniger als eine Woche, bei 10° über einen Monat.

     

Tetrahydro-naphthols as orally available TRPV1 inhibitors

Starting from a naphthol-based lead series with low oral bioavailability, we have identified potent TRPV1 antagonists with oral bioavailability in rats. These compounds emerged from SAR studies aimed at replacing the lead's phenol structure whilst maintaining potency. Compound rac-6a is an orally available TRPV1 antagonist with single-digit nanomolar activity. The enantiomers show a low eudismic ratio at the receptor level.     

Continuous-time modeling of cell fate determination in Arabidopsis flowers

Background  

The genetic control of floral organ specification is currently being investigated by various approaches, both experimentally and through modeling. Models and simulations have mostly involved boolean or related methods, and so far a quantitative, continuous-time approach has not been explored.     

The evaluation of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) as a predator of the damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli). II. Choice of prey

Experiments on the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) were made determine the efficiency of prey capture and defence reactions of the damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli (Schrank)).The older the earwig the more efficient was its search for aphids. Adult aphids waxed early earwig instars successfully. Young earwigs did not choose but encountered and captured young aphids more successfully than older ones, allowing older aphids to reproduce successfully.     

The Emerging Role of Copeptin

Direct measurement of the nonapeptide vasopressin has been limited by analyte instability ex vivo and in vivo rapid degradation, low serum concentrations requiring a sensitive assay and inherent secretory pulsatility. Copeptin is a 39 amino acid glycopeptide cleavage product of vasopressin synthesis with high stability, providing a marker of vasopressin secretion. Copeptin measurement has applications in diagnosis of diabetes insipidus and other diseases with altered vasopressin secretion. This review summarises our current understanding of serum copeptin measurement in diabetes insipidus and possible future applications of copeptin assays. As vasopressin is a stress hormone, there is emerging evidence on the use of copeptin for diagnosis and prognostication of disorders such as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion, diabetes mellitus, critical illness, stroke, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, renal disease and thermal stress. Copeptin concentration measurement is likely to improve the diagnostic reliability of diabetes insipidus and, as a marker of stress, may have diagnostic or prognostic utility in specific clinical circumstances. Further studies are needed to determine if goal-directed therapy using plasma copeptin concentrations may improve patient outcomes.