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排序方式: 共有57条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
The effects of ethacrynic acid on the electrolyte and water contents of rat renal cortical slices 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A D Macknight 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》1969,173(2):223-233
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McLaughlin CW Peart D Purves RD Carré DA Peterson-Yantorno K Mitchell CH Macknight AD Civan MM 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2001,281(3):C865-C875
The -adrenergic antagonisttimolol reduces ciliary epithelial secretion in glaucomatous patients.Whether inhibition is mediated by reducing cAMP is unknown. Elementalcomposition of rabbit ciliary epithelium was studied by electron probeX-ray microanalysis. Volume of cultured bovine pigmented ciliaryepithelial (PE) cells was measured by electronic cell sizing;Ca2+ activity and pH were monitored with fura 2 and2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively. Timolol (10 µM) produced similar K and Cl losses fromciliary epithelia in HCO /CO2 solutionbut had no effect in HCO /CO2-free solution or in HCO /CO2 solutioncontaining the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Inhibitionof Na+/H+ exchange by dimethylamiloride inHCO /CO2 solution reduced Cl and Kcomparably to timolol. cAMP did not reverse timolol's effects. Timolol(100 nM, 10 µM) and levobunolol (10 µM) produced cAMP-independentinhibition of the regulatory volume increase (RVI) in PE cells andincreased intracellular Ca2+ and pH. IncreasingCa2+ with ionomycin also blocked the RVI. The resultsdocument a previously unrecognized cAMP-independent transport effect oftimolol. Inhibition of Cl/HCO exchangemay mediate timolol's inhibition of aqueous humor formation. 相似文献
24.
McLaughlin CW Zellhuber-McMillan S Peart D Purves RD Macknight AD Civan MM 《The Journal of membrane biology》2001,182(3):213-222
Experiments were performed to determine whether the transport properties of the ciliary epithelium vary over different regions.
Rabbit iris-ciliary bodies were incubated under experimental or control conditions for 30 min before quick freezing, cryosectioning,
dehydration and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Cryosections were cut from three regions along the major axis of the iris-ciliary
body, i.e., the anterior, middle and posterior (pars plicata) regions. In bicarbonate/CO2 solution, the epithelial cells of the anterior and middle regions contained more Cl and K than did those of the posterior
region. These higher levels of Cl and K were reduced by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Application of bumetanide,
an inhibitor of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter, resulted in significant increases in Cl and K in the anterior and middle regions but not in the posterior
region. In bicarbonate-free solution, the ratio for K/Na contents was higher in the posterior than in the two more anterior
regions; Na, K and Cl contents of epithelial cells in the three regions were otherwise similar. Cell composition did not differ
significantly between the crests and valleys of the posterior region. The divergent responses to perturbation of epithelial
transport in the different regions provide the first demonstration of functional heterogeneity along the major axis of the
iris-ciliary body. The response to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase raises the possibility that the anterior aspect of the
ciliary epithelium may be the major site of aqueous humor secretion.
Received: 4 December 2000/Revised: 24 April 2001 相似文献
25.
Principles of cell volume regulation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A D Macknight 《Renal physiology and biochemistry》1988,11(3-5):114-141
Cell volume is determined by the content of osmotically active solute (cell osmoles) and the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid. Cell osmoles consist of non-diffusible and diffusible solutes. A large fraction of the diffusible cation content balances negative charges on the non-diffusible solutes. The content of diffusible solutes is determined by the electrochemical gradients driving them across the plasma membrane and the availability and activity of transport pathways in the membrane. The classical view that the sodium pump offsets passive leaks must be modified to accommodate the contributions of a number of secondary active transport processes, as well as to allow for changes in cell nondiffusible osmoles and in their net negative charge. The behaviour of cells in anisosmotic media is often different from that predicted for a perfect osmometer. In many cases this is a consequence of changes in cell osmole content. However, caution is required in extrapolating from in vitro responses of isolated cells to large, acutely induced changes in medium osmolality to the responses of tissues in vivo to more subtle changes in extracellular osmolality. 相似文献
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McLaughlin CW Karl MO Zellhuber-McMillan S Wang Z Do CW Leung CT Li A Stone RA Macknight AD Civan MM 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2008,295(5):C1083-C1091
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is regulated by the resistance to outflow of the eye's aqueous humor. Elevated resistance raises IOP and can cause glaucoma. Despite the importance of outflow resistance, its site and regulation are unclear. The small size, complex geometry, and relative inaccessibility of the outflow pathway have limited study to whole animal, whole eye, or anterior-segment preparations, or isolated cells. We now report measuring elemental contents of the heterogeneous cell types within the intact human trabecular outflow pathway using electron-probe X-ray microanalysis. Baseline contents of Na(+), K(+), Cl(-), and P and volume (monitored as Na+K contents) were comparable to those of epithelial cells previously studied. Elemental contents and volume were altered by ouabain to block Na(+)-K(+)-activated ATPase and by hypotonicity to trigger a regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Previous results with isolated trabecular meshwork (TM) cells had disagreed whether TM cells express an RVD. In the intact tissue, we found that all cells, including TM cells, displayed a regulatory solute release consistent with an RVD. Selective agonists of A(1) and A(2) adenosine receptors (ARs), which exert opposite effects on IOP, produced similar effects on juxtacanalicular (JCT) cells, previously inaccessible to functional study, but not on Schlemm's canal cells that adjoin the JCT. The results obtained with hypotonicity and AR agonists indicate the potential of this approach to dissect physiological mechanisms in an area that is extremely difficult to study functionally and demonstrate the utility of electron microprobe analysis in studying the cellular physiology of the human trabecular outflow pathway in situ. 相似文献
28.
Anthony D. C. Macknight 《The Journal of membrane biology》1977,36(1):55-63
Summary Epithelial cells were scraped from the bladders of toads of the speciesBufo marinus obtained from the Dominican Republic. These epithelial cells exchanged their chloride virtually completely with36Cl in the medium within 60 min. Of this chloride, about 93% came from the serosal medium. The approximately 20 mmole/kg dry wt of chloride which equilibrates with36Cl in the mucosal medium was still present when choline replaced sodium in the medium in the presence of amiloride (10–4 M) and was almost all readily removed by rapid washing of the mucosal surface immediately prior to analysis. These observations suggest that little chloride of mucosal origin is truly intracellular. This conclusion is supported by the fact that after vasopressin the increased cellular chloride was not of mucosal origin. 相似文献
29.
Hecht V Laurie RE Vander Schoor JK Ridge S Knowles CL Liew LC Sussmilch FC Murfet IC Macknight RC Weller JL 《The Plant cell》2011,23(1):147-161
Garden pea (Pisum sativum) was prominent in early studies investigating the genetic control of flowering and the role of mobile flowering signals. In view of recent evidence that genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) family play an important role in generating mobile flowering signals, we isolated the FT gene family in pea and examined the regulation and function of its members. Comparison with Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max) provides evidence of three ancient subclades (FTa, FTb, and FTc) likely to be common to most crop and model legumes. Pea FT genes show distinctly different expression patterns with respect to developmental timing, tissue specificity, and response to photoperiod and differ in their activity in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting they may have different functions. We show that the pea FTa1 gene corresponds to the GIGAS locus, which is essential for flowering under long-day conditions and promotes flowering under short-day conditions but is not required for photoperiod responsiveness. Grafting, expression, and double mutant analyses show that GIGAS/FTa1 regulates a mobile flowering stimulus but also provide clear evidence for a second mobile flowering stimulus that is correlated with expression of FTb2 in leaf tissue. These results suggest that induction of flowering by photoperiod in pea results from interactions among several members of a diversified FT family. 相似文献
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