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排序方式: 共有217条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Soares P Trejaut JA Loo JH Hill C Mormina M Lee CL Chen YM Hudjashov G Forster P Macaulay V Bulbeck D Oppenheimer S Lin M Richards MB 《Molecular biology and evolution》2008,25(6):1209-1218
Modern humans have been living in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) for at least 50,000 years. Largely because of the influence of linguistic studies, however, which have a shallow time depth, the attention of archaeologists and geneticists has usually been focused on the last 6,000 years--in particular, on a proposed Neolithic dispersal from China and Taiwan. Here we use complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequencing to spotlight some earlier processes that clearly had a major role in the demographic history of the region but have hitherto been unrecognized. We show that haplogroup E, an important component of mtDNA diversity in the region, evolved in situ over the last 35,000 years and expanded dramatically throughout ISEA around the beginning of the Holocene, at the time when the ancient continent of Sundaland was being broken up into the present-day archipelago by rising sea levels. It reached Taiwan and Near Oceania more recently, within the last approximately 8,000 years. This suggests that global warming and sea-level rises at the end of the Ice Age, 15,000-7,000 years ago, were the main forces shaping modern human diversity in the region. 相似文献
82.
Vidushi S Patel Steven JB Cooper Janine E Deakin Bob Fulton Tina Graves Wesley C Warren Richard K Wilson Jennifer AM Graves 《BMC biology》2008,6(1):34
Background
Vertebrate alpha (α)- and beta (β)-globin gene families exemplify the way in which genomes evolve to produce functional complexity. From tandem duplication of a single globin locus, the α- and β-globin clusters expanded, and then were separated onto different chromosomes. The previous finding of a fossil β-globin gene (ω) in the marsupial α-cluster, however, suggested that duplication of the α-β cluster onto two chromosomes, followed by lineage-specific gene loss and duplication, produced paralogous α- and β-globin clusters in birds and mammals. Here we analyse genomic data from an egg-laying monotreme mammal, the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), to explore haemoglobin evolution at the stem of the mammalian radiation. 相似文献83.
Fine mapping of a major QTL for awn length in barley using a multiparent mapping population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
84.
Bohula EA Salisbury AJ Sohail M Playford MP Riedemann J Southern EM Macaulay VM 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(18):15991-15997
85.
86.
87.
Hierarchical analysis of variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene among Hymenoptera 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Nucleotide sequences from a 434-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene were
analyzed for 65 taxa of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, wasps, parasitoid wasps,
sawflies) to examine the patterns of variation within the gene fragment and
the taxonomic levels for which it shows maximum utility in phylogeny
estimation. A hierarchical approach was adopted in the study through
comparison of levels of sequence variation among taxa at different
taxonomic levels. As previously reported for many holometabolous insects,
the 16S data reported here for Hymenoptera are highly AT-rich and exhibit
strong site-to-site variation in substitution rate. More precise estimates
of the shape parameter (alpha) of the gamma distribution and the proportion
of invariant sites were obtained in this study by employing a reference
phylogeny and utilizing maximum-likelihood estimation. The effectiveness of
this approach to recovering expected phylogenies of selected hymenopteran
taxa has been tested against the use of maximum parsimony. This study finds
that the 16S gene is most informative for phylogenetic analysis at two
different levels: among closely related species or populations, and among
tribes, subfamilies, and families. Maximization of the phylogenetic signal
extracted from the 16S gene at higher taxonomic levels may require
consideration of the base composition bias and the site-to-site rate
variation in a maximum-likelihood framework.
相似文献
88.
This report describes a convenient method for the rapid and efficient
release of N-linked oligosaccharides from low microgram amounts of
glycoproteins. A 96-well MultiScreen assay system containing a
polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane is employed to immobilize
glycoproteins for subsequent enzymatic deglycosylation. Recombinant
tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is used to demonstrate the
deglycosylation of 0.1-50 micrograms of a glycoprotein. This method enabled
the recovery of a sufficient amount of N-linked oligosaccharides released
enzymatically with peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGaseF) from as little as 0.5
microgram rt-PA for subsequent analysis by matrix-assisted laser
desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI- TOF) mass spectrometry. The
immobilization of rt-PA to the PVDF membrane did not sterically inhibit the
PNGaseF-mediated release of oligosaccharides from rt-PA as determined by
tryptic mapping experiments. Comparison of the oligosaccharides released
from 50 micrograms of rt-PA by either the 96-well plate method or by a
standard solution digestion procedure showed no significant differences in
the profiles obtained by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed
amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Both neutral and sialylated
oligosaccharide standards spiked into wells were recovered equally as
determined by HPAEC-PAD. One advantage of this approach is that reduction
and alkylation can be performed on submicrogram amounts of glycoproteins
with easy removal of reagents prior to PNGaseF digestion. In addition, this
method allows 60 glycoprotein samples to be deglycosylated in 1 day with
MALDI-TOF or HPAEC-PAD analysis being performed on the following day.
相似文献
89.
Deshpande NV Sabaté M Ligthart JM Kutryk MJ Serruys PW 《International journal of cardiovascular interventions》1998,1(1):45-48
Jailing of a side-branch is a known complication of stent implantation, and makes access to the side-branch difficult, especially if the stent is of the self-expanding type. Although plain balloon angioplasty is feasible for the jailed side-branches, the use of newer devices (a stent, Rotablation or atherectomy) has not been described. We describe a novel way of treating a side-branch jailed by a self-expanding stent by using stent implantation through the strut of a self-expanding stent. 相似文献
90.
S.L. Macaulay J.McD. Armstrong J. Bornstein 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1983,224(1):365-371
The synthetic peptide hGH 177–191, corresponding to the last 15 residues at the carboxyl terminus of human pituitary growth hormone, promotes the conversion of glycogen synthase α to glycogen synthase b in muscle. When injected, the peptide was found to produce inactivation of glycogen synthase phosphatase activity in rat skeletal muscle. The time course of phosphatase inactivation was closely correlated with that for glycogen synthase. The peptide had no effect either on muscle 3′,5′-cyclic AMP levels or on synthase kinase activity. These results can be explained in terms of a dynamic cycle of interconversion of synthase between active and inactive forms, by the simultaneous action of synthase kinases and synthase phosphatases. A decrease in the ratio of phosphatase to kinase activity would result in a decrease in the steady-state level of synthase α activity. 相似文献