全文获取类型
收费全文 | 36742篇 |
免费 | 2821篇 |
国内免费 | 2827篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 68篇 |
2023年 | 491篇 |
2022年 | 1066篇 |
2021年 | 1847篇 |
2020年 | 1321篇 |
2019年 | 1652篇 |
2018年 | 1596篇 |
2017年 | 1193篇 |
2016年 | 1644篇 |
2015年 | 2312篇 |
2014年 | 2691篇 |
2013年 | 2970篇 |
2012年 | 3431篇 |
2011年 | 3190篇 |
2010年 | 1883篇 |
2009年 | 1601篇 |
2008年 | 1795篇 |
2007年 | 1654篇 |
2006年 | 1427篇 |
2005年 | 1236篇 |
2004年 | 1007篇 |
2003年 | 823篇 |
2002年 | 747篇 |
2001年 | 499篇 |
2000年 | 496篇 |
1999年 | 456篇 |
1998年 | 294篇 |
1997年 | 272篇 |
1996年 | 296篇 |
1995年 | 254篇 |
1994年 | 224篇 |
1993年 | 167篇 |
1992年 | 233篇 |
1991年 | 203篇 |
1990年 | 180篇 |
1989年 | 146篇 |
1988年 | 132篇 |
1987年 | 127篇 |
1986年 | 97篇 |
1985年 | 118篇 |
1984年 | 65篇 |
1983年 | 67篇 |
1982年 | 40篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 28篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 32篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 37篇 |
1974年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
281.
Xinyue Ye Jian Wang Pengfei Xu Xiaoqian Yang Qixue Shi Genyan Liu Zhaoshi Bai Changlin Zhou Lingman Ma 《Microbial biotechnology》2023,16(9):1755-1773
Polymyxin resistance is conferred by MCR-1 (mobile colistin resistance 1)-induced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification of G− bacteria. However, the peptide MSI-1 exerts potent antimicrobial activity against mcr-1-carrying bacteria. To further investigate the potential role of MCR-1 in improving bacterial virulence and facilitating immune evasion, and the immunomodulatory effect of peptide MSI-1, we first explored outer membrane vesicle (OMV) alterations of mcr-1-carrying bacteria in the presence and absence of sub-MIC MSI-1, and host immune activation during bacterial infection and OMV stimulation. Our results demonstrated that LPS remodelling induced by MCR-1 negatively affected OMV formation and protein cargo by E. coli. In addition, MCR-1 diminished LPS-stimulated pyroptosis but facilitated mitochondrial dysfunction, further aggravating apoptosis in macrophages induced by OMVs of E. coli. Similarly, TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation was markedly alleviated once LPS was modified by MCR-1. However, peptide MSI-1 at the sub-MIC level inhibited the expression of MCR-1, further partly rescuing OMV alteration and attenuation of immune responses in the presence of MCR-1 during both infection and OMV stimulation, which can be exploited for anti-infective therapy. 相似文献
282.
Jia-Xing Fang Da-Feng Chen Xia Shi Su-Fang Zhang Fu Liu Wei-Xing Shen Chun-Yan Jia Shen-Cheng Ma Zhen Zhang Xiang-Bo Kong 《植物分类学报:英文版》2023,61(3):498-505
Cuticular hydrocarbons of Cerambycidae species can function as signals for sex recognition. Little is known about the copulatory signals of the juniper bark borer Semanotus bifasciatus, a major economic threat to Platycladus orientalis Franco in China. Here, we investigated the cuticular hydrocarbons of both sexes of S. bifasciatus to determine the chemically mediated mating signals using the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique with carbowax/divinylbenzene fibers (CAR/DVB) and then analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A series of aliphatic saturated straight-chain n-alkanes (n-C23 to n-C28), internally branched monomethylalkanes at carbons 3, 11, or 13, and dimethylalkanes were identified, which showed no qualitative differences in either sex and were similar in the samples with SPME fiber extraction and those with hexane extraction. The bioassay showed that 11-methylpentacosane (11-MeC25), 11-methylhexacosane (11-MeC26), and 11-methylheptacosane (11-MeC27) have sex-specific recognition functions that triggered more mating attempts at a female-specific ratio of 100:4:60 than at a male-specific ratio of 100:85:50. In addition, the female-specific ratio of 11-methylalkanes can elicit about 70% of male mating attempts within about 60 s, whereas live females elicit about 98% of male mating attempts within 25 s. The discrepancy in the initiation of mating attempts by synthetic mixtures and live females suggests that the methyl isomers 3-MeC25, 3-MeC27, and/or 11,15-diMeC27 may also be involved in the mating behavior of S. bifasciatus. These results suggest that 11-MeC25, 11-MeC26, and 11-MeC27 constitute the contact sex pheromone of S. bifasciatus, with the presence or absence of 11-MeC26 in particular playing an important role in mate recognition by males. 相似文献
283.
Transgenic indica rice plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
284.
T Peng D Rotrakarn A Janzen J F Richards 《Archives of biochemistry and biophysics》1989,273(1):99-105
The presence of antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex in thymus and kidney of rats was demonstrated using the method of Y Murakami et al. [(1985) Biochem. J. 225, 689-697]. A very small amount of complex was found in kidney of control rats, accounting for only 1-3% of total enzyme in the tissue, while in thymus, approximately one-third of the total ornithine decarboxylase in thymus occurred as an antizyme-enzyme complex. After treatment with dexamethasone, both free ornithine decarboxylase and antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase decreased in thymus, the free enzyme activity decreasing more rapidly. In kidney, the concentration of the antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex increased after dexamethasone treatment, but only after the induction of free enzyme activity had reached its peak and begun to decrease. The pattern of the changes in amount of antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex after prolactin treatment differed from those observed in the dexamethasone-treated animals. In both kidney and thymus, the concentration of antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex increased concurrently with the induction of free enzyme activity. Both free and complexed ornithine decarboxylase had increased at 2.5 h after prolactin treatment and continued to increase to maximum specific activities at similar rates. In thymus, the amount of ornithine decarboxylase present as a complex reached 70% of the total in the tissue. In both thymus and kidney, the concentration of antizyme-ornithine decarboxylase complex decreased more slowly than did free enzyme activity. Free antizyme was observed only in thymus of dexamethasone-treated animals. The amount of measurable inhibitor was decreased if cycloheximide was given with dexamethasone. 相似文献
285.
Plants generally accumulate free proline under osmotic stress conditions. Upon removal of the osmotic stress, the proline levels return to normal. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in regulating the levels of proline, we cloned and characterized a proline dehydrogenase (PDH) cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPDH). The 1745?bp cDNA contains a major open reading frame encoding a peptide of 499 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence has high homology with both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster proline oxidases and contains a putative mitochondrial targeting sequence. When expressed in yeast, the AtPDH cDNA complemented a yeast put1 mutation and exhibited proline oxidase activity. We also determined the free proline contents and the Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and PDH mRNA levels under different osmotic stress and recovery conditions. The results demonstrated that the removal of free proline during the recovery from salinity or dehydration stress involves an induction of the PDH gene while the activity of P5CS declines. The reciprocal regulation of P5CS and PDH genes appears to be a key mechanism in the control of the levels of proline during and after osmotic stress. The PDH gene was also significantly induced by exogenously applied proline. The induction of PDH by proline, however, was inhibited by salt stress. 相似文献
286.
海甘蓝种子在成熟过程中,棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚麻酸的含量不断下降,而二十碳烯酸和芥酸的含量呈上升趋势。选用开花后25~27d的海甘蓝幼胚分别在含不同浓度的ABA或高渗透剂的培养基中培养1~3d,发现其各种脂肪酸的变化趋势和种子自然成熟过程中脂肪酸的变化相似,说明ABA或高渗透剂可能是种子成熟过程中各种脂肪酸合成和相互转化所需的条件。 相似文献
287.
288.
Jeffrey W. Peng Celia A. Schiffer Ping Xu Wilfred F. van Gunsteren Richard R. Ernst 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1996,8(4):453-476
Summary The influence of water binding on the conformational dynamics of the cyclic decapeptide antamanide dissolved in the model lipophilic environment chloroform is investigated by NMR relaxation measurements. The water-peptide complex has a lifetime of 35 s at 250 K, which is longer than typical lifetimes of water-peptide complexes reported in aqueous solution. In addition, there is a rapid intracomplex mobility that probably involves librational motions of the bound water or water molecules hopping between different binding sites. Water binding restricts the flexibility of antamanide. The experimental findings are compared with GROMOS molecular dynamics simulations of antamanide with up to eight bound water molecules. Within the simulation time of 600 ps, no water molecule leaves the complex. Additionally, the simulations show a reduced flexibility for the complex in comparison with uncomplexed antamanide. Thus, there is a qualitative agreement between the experimental NMR results and the computer simulations. 相似文献
289.
290.