单纯形加速法拟合生态学中的非线性模型

本文以Logistic模型,Taylor幂法则模型,Holling功能反应模型,以及种群内禀增长力Rm等模型的拟合和参数估计为例,探讨单纯形加速法在生态模型优化拟合和参数估计中的应用.结果表明,单纯形加速法拟合生态学中的非线性模型不仅适用广泛,而且拟合过程是直接求原来非线性模型的最优拟合,因而优于生态学中通常使用的将原模型“线性化后再拟合”的方法,而与其它一些最优化方法,如:麦夸方法、枚举选优法等比较,由于单纯形法不需计算目标函数的偏导数,因而计算不受目标函数及其偏导函数复杂程度的限制,而且对于各种模型其求优计算过程十分相似,可以编制统一的计算程序.本研究所编制的计算机程序对于本文未提到的其它一些模型也是完全适用的,在应用时仅需修改定义目标函数的自定义函数语句即可.研究也发现,在求优过程中,只要搜索系数选择适当和实际数据合理,是可以保证寻优成功的.     

双拷贝人α型心钠素基因的组建及大肠杆菌分泌型克隆与表达

将单拷贝人α心钠素基因3′端用Ban Ⅱ酶解除去包括终止密码在内的36个碱基对,代之以人工合成的含Glu-Lys-Phe-Glu连接片段与另一单拷贝人α心钠素基因的5′端串连成编码60肽的双拷贝心钠素基因,克隆于大肠杆菌分泌型表达载体pIN-Ⅲ-OmpA_2质粒中,表达生成60肽的双拷贝人α型心钠素衍生物,在信号肽的作用下分泌至胞膜间质并自动切割为60肽的外源基因产物。分子量约8K的表达产物用分子筛或超滤膜分离后再经HPLC纯化,表达产物具有明显的心钠素放免活性和舒张血管活性。     

黄原酸酯法接枝1.丙烯酰胺和蔗渣纤维浆泊接枝共聚的研究

采用纤维素黄原酸酯——过氧化氢构成氧化还原体系,把丙烯酰胺接枝到蔗渣纤维浆泊上。探讨了引发剂用量、初始pH值、单体比、反应温度、反应时间诸因素对接枝共聚反应的影响。     

一类含间隙分布时滞的种群增长模型的稳定性

本文首先利用间隙分布时滞函数来建立更为符合实际的种群增长模型,然后运用两种不同的方法,对其平衡位置的局部稳定性进行了全面的讨论,得出了局部渐近稳定的充分必要条件,在参数平面上划分出了稳定和不稳地的区域。     

Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of Penicillium marneffei infection

A disseminated infection with Penicillium marneffei, a rare human pathogen that may infect both healthy and immunocompromised patients, was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of yeast-form organisms with an eccentric or central dot and occasional septate and elongated forms highly suggested the diagnosis, which was confirmed on culture. Establishment of the diagnosis is important because this infection is potentially curable.     

Neutrophils-induced increase of adenosine triphosphate depletion in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes with impaired energy metabolism.

Isolated, cultured rat neonatal cardiac myocytes were placed in medium supplemented with mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor potassium cyanide which caused a rapid adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. These myocytes with the impaired energy metabolism ("hypoxia-like state") were exposed to unstimulated human neutrophils. Effect of human neutrophils on the myocytes in the "hypoxia-like state" was quantified as a total change in the amount of ATP in cardiac cells. After 5 hours of incubation of neutrophils with the myocytes in the "hypoxia-like state" an additional decrease (of 50 per cent) in ATP content was observed. Since catalase (which destroys hydrogen peroxide) prevented the further decline in ATP level in the myocytes with impaired energy metabolism, it seem that hydrogen peroxide and possibly their products are responsible for this effect. These results suggest that unstimulated human neutrophils after activation by the contact with injured cardiac cells caused further decrease of ATP level in target cells.     

Role of UV-inducible proteins in repair of various wild-type Escherichia coli cells

3 wild-type strains of E. coli, namely K12 AB2497, B/r WP2 and 15 555-7v proficient in excision and post-replication repair, differ markedly in their UV resistance. To elucidate this difference, the influence was investigated of induction by application of inducing fluence (IF) before lethal fluence (LF) on repair processes after LF. In cells distinguished by low UV resistance (E. coli 15 555-7; E. coli B/r WP2), dimer excision was less complete in cultures irradiated with IF + LF than in cultures irradiated with LF only. The highly resistant E. coli K12 AB2497 performed complete excision both after IF + LF or after LF alone. All 3 types of cell survived better after IF + LF than after LF only. Because, in most strains so far investigated, the application of IF reduced dimer excision and increased survival, dimer excision per se does not appear important for survival.We conclude that the rate and completeness of dimer excision can serve as a measure of efficiency of the excision system whose action is necessary for repair of another lesion. Cells of all investigated strains could not resume DNA replication and died progressively when irradiated with LF and post-incubated with chloramphenicol (LF CAP⁺). Thus, it appears that inducible proteins are necessary for repair in all wild-type E. coli cells give with potentially lethal doses of UV irradiation.     

Structures and fatty acid compositions of neutral glycosphingolipids of human plasma

Major neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from human plasma and their structures and fatty acid compositions studied. The four neutral glycosphingolipids of plasma were characterized as Glc beta(1 leads to 1)ceramide, Gal beta(1 leads to 1)- ceramide, Gal beta(1 leads to 4) Glc beta (1 leads to 1)ceramide, Gal alpha(1 leads to 4) Gal beta(1 leads to 4) Glc beta(1 leads to 1)ceramide and GalNAc beta(1 leads to 3) Gal (1 leads to 4) Gal (1 leads to 4) Glc beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide. The glycosphingolipids contained mostly short chain fatty acids of which most prominent was C16. Erythrocyte glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide exhibited similar fatty acid compositions as their plasma counterparts. Triglycosylceramide and globoside of erythrocytes contained almost exclusively long-chain fatty acids. In lactosylceramide obtained from "p" erythrocytes, an accumulation of long-chain fatty acids was found; this accumulation was not observed, however, in lactosylceramide isolated from "p" plasma. It was concluded that plasma and erythrocyte glycosphingolipids are synthesized at separate sites where short- and long-chain fatty acids, respectively, are available. Plasma and erythrocyte glucosylceramide, and probably a fraction of lactosylceramide, exchange between plasma and erythrocyte pools. The latter conclusion is discussed in the light of the relative roles of carbohydrate and lipid moieties of the glycosphingolipids in maintaining their association with erythrocyte membranes.     

Sex pheromone-releasing behaviour in females of the dermestid beetle,Trogoderma glabrum

Adult Trogoderma glabrum females assume stationary postures characterized by abdominal elevation and partial exposure of the ovipositor segments. The postural activity was studied in relation to sex pheromone production and was designated calling, or sex pheromone-releasing behaviour because it was accompanied by an increase in the rate of release of sex pheromone(s). Calling was largely restricted to an 8 hr interval centered toward the middle of a 16 hr photophase. Mating frequency and female pheromone content increased during the same interval. Because females extracted during the calling period yielded at least 10 times more pheromone than extracts prepared at other times, and because pheromone activity released during one calling period was estimated to be at least 10-fold higher than that which could be extracted from whole females several hours prior to the start of calling, heightened production of active pheromone(s) was postulated to occur during calling. Functional significance of the calling posture is discussed in relation to sex pheromone gland location.