The effect of administering corticoliberin into the striatum on the open-field and shuttle-box behaviors of KHA and KLA strain rats]

The effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) injected into the dorsal neostriatum on the open-field and shuttle-box behavior were studied in rats with high (Koltushi high avoidance, KHA) and low (Koltushi low avoidance, KLA) capability for avoidance learning. The effects of this hormone on the behavior of these rat strains were different. In KLA rats with passive strategy of behavior the CRH injection led to a rapid locomotor activation in the open field, while the rats with active behavioral strategy (KHA) reacted to the injection by a significant decrease in locomotion and change for the passive mode of behavior. The same CRH effects on locomotion were obtained in the shuttle-box experiments. Moreover, in the KLA rats the neurohormone injection resulted in an improvement of avoidance learning in contrast to the KHA rats, in which CRH substantially impaired avoidance learning. The obtained evidence is discussed in terms of the important role of striatal CRH in the choice of behavioral strategy in stress.     

Thermally Enhanced Radiosensitivity of Cultured Chinese Hamster Cells

X-IRRADIATION of mammalian cells in culture yields a survival curve of the threshold type (for review see ref. 1). It isjnter-esting to ask how one can enhance the radiation response by small changes of the physical environment of the cells, as can be done chemically, for example, by incorporation of 5-bromo-deoxyuridine into DNA^1,2. Elevation of the temperature is a likely prospect for enhancement of radiosensitivity for the following reasons. It is known that proteins are heat labile and that temperature sensitive mutants of bacteria and phage can be obtained for many different enzymes³ which are operative at 37° C but not at 42° or 43°C. For example⁴, DNA polymerase is reversibly temperature sensitive; it is rendered inoperative above 42°C, but will be functional again when the temperature is lowered. It is not unreasonable to expect that temperature sensitive mutations for many enzymes occur frequently and that the use of temperatures somewhat higher than the normal range at which the cells grow might disclose sensitivities for specific enzymes in normal cells of higher organisms.     

The effect of storage on the frequency of dominant lethals in Drosophila melanogaster

Summary Ethylenimine, ethyl methanesulfonate and formaldehyde have been shown to produce a storage effect in dominant lethality in Drosophila melanogaster.     

Concentration of monoamines in the brain of minks differing in their reaction to man

Content of dopamine in the striatum; of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid and noradrenaline in the hypothalamus, striatum and midbrain was studied in three groups of minks from population of an animal farm, differing by their reaction to humans (cowardly, calm, aggressive). The reaction to humans was estimated by a system of marks at the attempt to catch the mink with a mitten. Aggressive animals had a lowered level of serotonin in the hypothalamus and striatum, a lesser content of serotonin metabolite--5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in the striatum. Minks of different groups did not differ by noradrenaline content, but dopamine level in the striatum of cowardly minks was higher than in calm and aggressive animals. Conclusion is made that polymorphism of behaviour corresponds to polymorphism of the state of monoaminergic systems.     

Changes in the amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin during sequential adaptation of human influenza virus A to replication in mice

The primary structure of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Influenza virus A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) variants after 3 and 11 passages has been determined. In the HA1 coding region of mice-adapted virus (11 passages) there are two amino acid substitutions: Thr 89----Ala and Asn 127----Asp. At the first stage of adaptation (3-rd passage) only a single mutation was detected: Asn 127----Asp. The adaptation is accompanied by the loss of specific carbohydrate attachment sites adjacent to the receptor-binding site located at HA1 subunit with a concomitant variation in antigenicity.     

Thermal inhibition of repair of methylmethane sulfonate-damaged DNA in chick embryo fibroblasts

Chick embryo fibroblasts were treated with the monofunctional alkylating agent methylmethane sulfonate at various concentrations for 1 h at 42°C, rinsed and then incubated post-treatment at various temperatures at which the kinetics of alkali-labile bond disappearance was followed. Growth experiments showed that these cells grew similarly at temperatures of either 37°C or 42°C. Repair as assessed by removal of alkali-labile bond was also similar for postincubation in the temperature range 37–42°C for damage due to methylmethane sulfonate treatment at concentrations less than 1.5 mM. When the postincubation temperature was raised higher than 42.5–43°C, this type of repair was stopped. The normal internal body temperature of adult chickens is about 41.6°C. Hence the present finding indicates that chick cells are much more severely restricted in DNA repair at temperatures above normal than are mammalian cells, which can function in this respect for several deg. C above 37°C.