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Nandakumar KV Karthickeyan Duraisamy Shibu Balakrishnan Sunilkumar M Jaya Sankar S Karuna D. Sagili Srinath Satyanarayana Ajay Kumar MV Donald A. Enarson 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Settings
Kerala State, India has reported the greatest dual burden of Tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Malappuram district in Kerala has monitored and recorded DM status and its control from 2010 under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP).Objectives
To assess, under programme conditions, comprehensiveness of recording DM status among TB cases and the TB treatment outcomes among DM patients (disaggregated by glycemic control) and compare with-non DM patients.Design
This retrospective record review included 3,116TB patients from April 2010 to September 2011.DM was defined as per international guidelines and TB treatment outcomes were categorized as favourable(cured and treatment completed) and unfavourable(death, default, failure and transfer out). Relative Risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were calculated to assess the risk of unfavourable outcomes.Results
DM status was recorded in 90% of TB cases and 667 (24%) had DM. 17% of DM patients and 23% of patients with unknown DM status had unfavourable outcomes but this difference was not statistically significant. Unadjusted RR for poor glycemic control or unknown control status for unfavourable outcome were (2.00; 95% CI 0.97–4.13) and (2.14; 95% CI 1.11–4.13).Conclusion
This study could not confirm an adverse association between DM or its control during treatment and the course of response to TB treatment.DM screening in TB cases and recording of DM care needs to be improved to enable more conclusive evidence. 相似文献84.
Pampush JD Daegling DJ Vick AE McGraw WS Covey RM Rapoff AJ 《American journal of physical anthropology》2011,146(4):650-653
Researchers have increasingly recognized the need to quantify the material properties of primate food items, particularly hardness (H) and stiffness (E), which is measured as elastic modulus. Assessing E in the field is particularly difficult because the typical equipment needed to perform the requisite analyses is expensive and cumbersome. Alternatively, researchers can use hand-held, relatively inexpensive, portable durometers that measure H on Shore scales. Shore-D durometers show a reliable ability to characterize H in harder-stiffer materials, and Shore-D measures in these materials can be reliably converted to E. Shore-A durometers-employed in past field studies of food properties-do not accurately characterize the properties of harder-stiffer materials, which are likely to be those materials exerting the greatest mechanical demands on primate masticatory morphology. We offer recommendations for Shore-D durometer usage in the field. 相似文献
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Jenna A. Monroy Matthew E. Carter Kimberly E. Miller Ellen Covey 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》2011,197(5):459-467
Big brown bats form large maternity colonies of up to 200 mothers and their pups. If pups are separated from their mothers,
they can locate each other using vocalizations. The goal of this study was to systematically characterize the development
of echolocation and communication calls from birth through adulthood to determine whether they develop from a common precursor
at the same or different rates, or whether both types are present initially. Three females and their six pups were isolated
from our captive breeding colony. We recorded vocal activity from postnatal day 1 to 35, both when the pups were isolated
and when they were reunited with their mothers. At birth, pups exclusively emitted isolation calls, with a fundamental frequency
range <20 kHz, and duration >30 ms. By the middle of week 1, different types of vocalizations began to emerge. Starting in
week 2, pups in the presence of their mothers emitted sounds that resembled adult communication vocalizations, with a lower
frequency range and longer durations than isolation calls or echolocation signals. During weeks 2 and 3, these vocalizations
were extremely heterogeneous, suggesting that the pups went through a babbling stage before establishing a repertoire of stereotyped
adult vocalizations around week 4. By week 4, vocalizations emitted when pups were alone were identical to adult echolocation
signals. Echolocation and communication signals both appear to develop from the isolation call, diverging during week 2 and
continuing to develop at different rates for several weeks until the adult vocal repertoire is established. 相似文献
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Cholesterol is the major sterol component of all mammalian cell plasma membranes and plays a critical role in cell function and growth. Previous studies have shown that cholesterol inhibits inward rectifier K(+) (Kir) channels, but have not distinguished whether this is due directly to protein-sterol interactions or indirectly to changes in the physical properties of the lipid bilayer. Using purified bacterial and eukaryotic Kir channels reconstituted into liposomes of controlled lipid composition, we demonstrate by (86)Rb(+) influx assays that bacterial Kir channels (KirBac1.1 and KirBac3.1) and human Kir2.1 are all inhibited by cholesterol, most likely by locking the channels into prolonged closed states, whereas the enantiomer, ent-cholesterol, does not inhibit these channels. These data indicate that cholesterol regulates Kir channels through direct protein-sterol interactions likely taking advantage of an evolutionarily conserved binding pocket. 相似文献
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2,5-Anhydro-D-mannitol inhibited glucose synthesis, increased the pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate ratio and altered adenine nucleotide concentrations in hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats. The accumulations of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol 1,6-diphosphate, an allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase, and of ADP in treated hepatocytes can account for the increase in pyruvate/phosphoenolpyruvate ratio and the inhibition of glucose synthesis from lactate. 相似文献
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