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71.
Geographical variation in acoustic signals of the planthopper, Nilaparvata bakeri (Muir), in Asia: species recognition and sexual selection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MICHAEL F. CLARIDGE JOHN C. MORGAN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1993,48(3):267-281
Populations of the planthopper .Nilaparvata bakeri (Muir) were sampled from the Philippines (Luzon), Indonesia (Bali), India (Bihar) and Sri Lanka (Central Province) from the grass Leersia hexandra (Schwartz), and cultured in Cardiff. Low intensity vibratory signals produced by males and females during mate location and courtship were recorded and analysed. Obvious differences were found between male calling songs of insects from the Philippines and those from the other three areas. Smaller differences were detected between the Indonesian, Indian and Sri Lankan populations. Hybrids between Philippine and Indonesian, and Indonesian and Sri Lankan, insects were obtained freely in the laboratory. Male calls of F, hybrids were variable and intermediate between parentals. Mate choice experiments showed no significant assortative mating between the different populations. There was no indication of reproductive isolation and therefore of different biological species. The assumption that different male calling songs necessarily indicate the presence of different biological species is not confirmed in this example. 相似文献
72.
Responses of a C3 and a C4 perennial grass to elevated CO2 and temperature under different water regimes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. W. HUNT †‡ E. T. ELLIOTT † J. K. DETLING †§ J. A. MORGAN ¶ D.-X. CHEN† 《Global Change Biology》1996,2(1):35-47
An experiment was carried out to determine the effects of elevated CO2, elevated temperatures, and altered water regimes in native shortgrass steppe. Intact soil cores dominated by Bouteloua gracilis, a C4 perennial grass, or Pascopyrum smithii, a C3 perennial grass, were placed in growth chambers with 350 or 700 μL L?1 atmospheric CO2, and under either normal or elevated temperatures. The normal regime mimicked field patterns of diurnal and seasonal temperatures, and the high-temperature regime was 4 °C warmer. Water was supplied at three different levels in a seasonal pattern similar to that observed in the field. Total biomass after two growing seasons was 19% greater under elevated CO2, with no significant difference between the C3 and C4 grass. The effect of elevated CO2 on biomass was greatest at the intermediate water level. The positive effect of elevated CO2 on shoot biomass was greater at normal temperatures in B. gracilis, and greater at elevated temperatures in P. smithii. Neither root-to-shoot ratio nor production of seed heads was affected by elevated CO2. Plant tissue N and soil inorganic N concentrations were lower under elevated Co2, but no more so in the C3 than the C4 plant. Elevated CO2 appeared to increase plant N limitation, but there was no strong evidence for an increase in N limitation or a decrease in the size of the CO2 effect from the first to the second growing season. Autumn samples of large roots plus crowns, the perennial organs, had 11% greater total N under elevated CO2, in spite of greater N limitation. 相似文献
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