ERRATUM: New Body Mass Estimates for Omomys carteri,a Middle Eocene Primate From North America. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:41–52.

Payseur BA, Covert HA, Vinyard CJ, Dagosto M. 1999. New Body Mass Estimates for Omomys carteri, a Middle Eocene Primate From North America. Am J Phys Anthropol 109:41–52. This article included an incomplete Table 2. The final two columns, showing “Intercept” and “SEE” data were omitted. The complete Table 2, with these two columns included, is provided below.     

Limits to the Negative Logarithmic Relationship Between Moisture Content and Longevity in Conidia ofMetarhizium flavoviride

Conidia ofMetarhizium flavoviridewere hermetically stored at50 °C and 14 moisture contents between 2.5 and 31.8% (freshweight basis) for up to 146 d, and tested for germination onSabouraud Dextrose Agar at 25 °C for 24 h. Survival of conidiaconformed to cumulative negative normal distributions and all14 survival curves could be constrained to a common origin.There was a negative logarithmic relation between longevityand conidia moisture content, but limits to the relation weredetected: the lower-moisture-content limit was 4.6% [in equilibriumwith 10.7% relative humidity (RH) at 20 °C], below whichvalue further reduction in moisture content did not increaseconidia longevity; and an upper-moisture-content limit betweenabout 21.2 and 31.8% moisture content (between 77 and 90.0%equilibrium RH at 20 °C) above which conidia longevity nolonger decreased. The observations could also be described bya negative semi-logarithmic relation between conidia longevityand equilibrium relative humidity. In this model, each reductionin equilibrium relative humidity by 11.2% within the range 10.7to 80% RH doubled conidia longevity. The similarities in theserelations, and the limits to these relations, between the conidiaof this entomopathogenic fungus and the orthodox seeds of higherplants are discussed.Copyright 1998 Annals of Botany Company Conidia longevity, equilibrium relative humidity,Metarhizium flavoviride, moisture content, hermetic storage, viability equation     

Development of a Model to Predict the Effect of Temperature and Moisture on Fungal Spore Longevity

A model was developed to quantify the effect of temperatureand moisture content on the longevity of conidia of the entomopathogenicfungusMetarhizium flavoviride . This model incorporated a negativesemi-logarithmic relation between longevity and temperatureand a negative logarithmic relation between longevity and moisturecontent. Replacing the latter with a negative semi-logarithmicrelation between longevity and the equilibrium relative humidityof the conidia was also effective. The latter model was appliedsuccessfully to observations on the survival of conidia of afurther four entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium anisopliae,Beauveria bassiana ,Beauveria brongniartii, andPaecilomycesfarinosus ) and ascospores, conidia or uredospores of four phytopathogenicfungi (Alternaria porri ,Helminthosporium oryzae ,Uromyces appendiculatus, andSclerotinia sclerotiorum ) across a wide range of differenttemperatures and relative humidities. The sensitivity of sporelongevity to both temperature and equilibrium relative humidity,and the upper and lower relative humidity limits to the applicationof the model, varied considerably between entomopathogenic andphytopathogenic fungi, among species within each group, andamong different strains within certain species. Metarhizium flavoviride W. Gams & J. Roszypal; entomopathogenic fungi; phytopathogenic fungi; spore survival; storage environment; conidia; uredospore; ascospore     

The use of meiofauna in marine pollution impact assessment*

The use of meiofaunal assemblages for the detection and quantification of perturbation of the marine environment by man is examined. The theoretical and practical advantages and drawbacks of meiofaunal monitoring are described and different methods of impact assessment described and evaluated. It is suggested that identification of meiofaunal material need not present a major obstacle to its use, as sensitive responses of meiofaunal assemblages to pollution can be recorded without the necessity for specific identifications. It is concluded that the great sensitivity to pollution of some meiofaunal groups (particularly copepods) offers the potential for better estimation of the real extent of pollution impact than is being achieved by sole reliance on examination of the macrofaunal assemblage. Meiofaunal monitoring should also be considered where there is difficulty in adequate sampling of the macrofauna, due to impoverishment or practical difficulties.     

Correlation of physical and biological properties of mouse mammary tumor agent

Biophysical procedures have been used to determine the size and structure of the biologically active agent responsible for the transmission, through milk, of mouse mammary adenocarcinoma. Filtration of milk from RIII high-breast-cancer mice through gradocol membranes with decreasing pore sizes indicated that a minimum of activity passed through intermediate pore sizes (100 to 160 mmicro). Filtrates through smaller pores were significantly active. Milk treated with small doses of deuteron irradiation produced more tumors than the control, unirradiated milk; larger doses indicated a particle size much less than 100 mmicro. Free diffusion experiments indicated that the activity was associated with particles of two different sizes. Altogether the data denoted the presence of a large agent about 100 mmicro in diameter and a small agent 20 to 30 mmicro in diameter or possibly smaller. Furthermore, the presence in the milk of an inhibitor 40 to 60 mmicro is indicated by the results of all three approaches. The complex nature of the milk agent disclosed by the physical measurements agrees with the picture of one of the structures revealed by electron microscopy as well as with seemingly conflicting measurements reported in the literature. The large agent defined by these indirect methods corresponds to the whole particle seen in the electron microscope and the small agent corresponds to its internal core or nucleoid. It is suggested that the nucleoid is essentially a nucleic acid which may, in the absence of the "inhibitor," retain its activity after being stripped of its outer membrane or sac.