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ŁUKASZ JAKUB ŁUCZAJ MONIKA KUJAWSKA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2012,168(3):334-343
Botanists are an overlooked group of informants in ethnobotanical studies. The aim of this study was to assess their potential as sources of original ethnobotanical information. Wild food plants remembered by Polish botanists from their childhood were freelisted by 71 botanists. The results were compared with several ethnobotanical studies: three from the 21st century and one from the mid‐20th century. The botanists listed 123 species (mean of 9.3 species per individual). Although the average number of personal freelists was slightly lower for botanists than for local key informants in two of the other studies (11 and 13, respectively), the total list of species was longer than in any other Polish ethnobotanical study. Two of the ethnobotanical studies supplied richer material on past famine plants, whereas the botanists mentioned many alien plants and plants from urban habitats not mentioned in the ethnographical study. It can be concluded that botanists are possibly the best source of information for studies of contemporary or new uses of plants, but are inadequate for uses that are dying out. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 168 , 334–343. 相似文献
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DOROTA OCHOSKA HANNA KLAMISKA-CEBULA ANNA DOBRUT MAGORZATA BULANDA MONIKA BRZYCHCZY-WOCH 《Polish journal of microbiology》2021,70(1):107
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an important bacterium of nosocomial infections. In this study, CRKP strains, which were mainly isolated from fecal samples of 14 patients in three wards of the hospital in the Silesia Voivodship, rapidly increased from February to August 2018. Therefore, we conducted microbiological and molecular studies of the CRKP isolates analyzed. Colonized patients had critical underlying diseases and comorbidities; one developed bloodstream infection, and five died (33.3%). Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by the E-test method. A disc synergy test confirmed carbapenemase production. CTX-Mplex PCR evaluated the presence of resistance genes blaCTX-M-type, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9, and the genes blaSHV, blaTEM, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-48, blaIMP, and blaVIM-1 was detected with the PCR method. Clonality was evaluated by Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Six (40%) strains were of XDR (Extensively Drug-Resistant) phenotype, and nine (60%) of the isolates exhibited MDR (Multidrug-Resistant) phenotype. The range of carbapenem minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs, μg/mL) was as follows doripenem (16 to >32), ertapenem (> 32), imipenem (4 to > 32), and meropenem (> 32). PCR and sequencing confirmed the blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-48, and blaVIM-1 genes in all strains. The isolates formed one large PFGE cluster (clone A). MLST assigned them to the emerging high-risk clone of ST147 (CC147) pandemic lineage harboring the blaOXA-48 gene. This study showed that the K. pneumoniae isolates detected in the multi-profile medical centre in Katowice represented a single strain of the microorganism spreading in the hospital environment. 相似文献
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Historical biogeography and the evolution of the latitudinal gradient of species richness in the Papionini (Primata: Cercopithecidae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MONIKA BÖHM PETER J. MAYHEW 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,85(2):235-246
We apply historical biogeography techniques to the macaques, baboons and their relatives (Primata: Papionini) and relate the inferred history of range shifts, and associated evolutionary events, to the latitudinal distribution of extant species, which is strongly tropical. The results of reversible parsimony, weighted ancestral area and dispersal-vicariance analyses all agree that Central Africa was part of the range of the ancestor of the tribe. Tropical regions with high current species richness (Central Africa, South-east Asia, Indonesia) have: (1) had a relatively long history of occupation, (2) experienced both a greater number and a greater average rate of speciation events and (3) given rise to more dispersal events to other regions. However, nested sister-taxon comparisons across the tribe show no overall association between differences in latitude and differences in rates of cladogenesis. Our historical reconstructions are largely consistent with previous hypotheses and fossil data, and suggest that both the passage of time since colonization and rates of cladogenesis have enhanced tropical species richness. Historical biogeography may thus considerably aid understanding of this and other spatial problems in macroecology. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 85 , 235–246. 相似文献
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GOPAL SRIVASTAVA MONIKA TOLA ANAND SUDHA BHATTACHARYA ALOK BHATTACHARYA 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1995,42(5):617-622
ABSTRACT. Lipophosphoglycan has recently been demonstrated on the cell surface of Entamoeba histolytica strain HM-1:IMSS. A monoclonal antibody against this molecule had failed to react with some other strains of E. histolytica, including the strain Rahman. To determine if a structurally distinct lipophosphoglycan existed in Rahman, [3H]galactose-labeled glycoconjugates were electrophoresed through sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic pattern in Rahman was very different compared to that obtained with strains HM-1:IMSS and 200:NIH. A number of experiments including sensitivity to mild acid, nitrous acid and phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C suggest that the Rahman glycoconjugate is indeed a lipophosphogylcan-like molecule but distinctly different from that of HM-1:IMSS. Mild acid-treated glycoconjugates from Rahman and HM-1:IMSS revealed the presence of neutral trisaccharides and monosaccharides in Rahman but not in HM-1:IMSS. Human immune sera from amoebiasis patients and a polyclonal antibody against HM-1:IMSS liphophosphoglycan both recognized Rahman glycoconjugate. Thus, while lipophosphoglycan molecules from the two strains share common epitopes, they are clearly distinct from each other. Molecules bearing resemblance to lipophosphoglycan could not be detected in other Entamoeba species, namely Entamoeba invadens and Entamoeba moshkovskii. 相似文献
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LUMÍR GVODÍK MIKLÓS PUKY MONIKA UGERKOVÁ 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2007,90(4):627-636
Despite many studies demonstrating the effect of acclimation on behavioural or physiological traits, considerable debate still exists about the evolutionary significance of this phenomenon. One of the unresolved issues is whether acclimation to warmer temperature is beneficial at treatment or at more extreme test temperatures. To answer this question, we assessed the effect of thermal acclimation on preferred body temperatures ( T p s), maximum swimming and running speed, and critical thermal maximum ( CT max ) in the Danube crested newt ( Triturus dobrogicus ). Adult newts were kept at 15 °C (control) and 25 °C (treatment) for 8 weeks prior to measurements. We measured T p s in an aquatic thermal gradient over 24 h, maximum speeds in a linear racetrack at six temperatures (5–33 °C), and CT max in a continuously heated water bath. T p s were higher in newts kept at 15 °C than in those kept at 25 °C. The maximum swimming speed did not acclimate. The maximum running speed at 30–33 °C was substantially higher in newts kept at 25 °C than in those kept at 15 °C. CT max increased with the treatment temperature. Hence, we conclude that the acclimation response to warm temperature is beneficial not at treatment but at more extreme temperatures in newts. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 90 , 627–636. 相似文献
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MAREILE BACHMANN CHRISTIAN J. BACHMANN KATJA JOHN MONIKA HEINZEL‐GUTENBRUNNER HELMUT REMSCHMIDT FRITZ MATTEJAT 《World psychiatry》2010,9(2):111-117
Data concerning the effectiveness of naturalistic treatments (treatment-as-usual)
in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) services are scarce. The purpose
of this prospective observational study was to examine the effectiveness of
CAP treatments in a naturalistic outpatient setting. Three hundred six patients
(attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, n=94; conduct disorder, CD,
n=57; anxiety disorder, AD, n=53; depressive disorder, DD, n=38; other diagnostic
categories, n=64), from nine child and adolescent psychiatric practices in
Germany, were evaluated. Treatment effects were compared between patients
who received frequent treatment and patients who only participated in diagnostics
and short interventions. Since randomization was not feasible, propensity
score analysis methods were used. Regarding the total sample, no significant
treatment effects were found. However, a subgroup analysis of the four most
frequent disorders (ADHD, CD, AD, DD) showed small to moderate treatment effects
in patients with ADHD and AD. In CD and DD subgroups, no significant treatment
effects could be found. “Real-world” CAP outpatient treatment
seems to produce significant effects for ADHD and AD, but not for CD and DD.
Compared to efficacy studies, our results show that naturalistic treatment
might be better than expected. 相似文献
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1. Mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) are a family of secondary metabolites known to protect organisms exposed to solar UV radiation. We tested their distribution among several planktonic ciliates bearing Chlorella isolated from an oligo‐mesotrophic lake in Tyrol, Austria. In order to test the origin of these compounds, the MAAs were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography in both the ciliates and their symbiotic algae. 2. Considering all Chlorella‐bearing ciliates, we found: (i) seven different MAAs (mycosporine‐glycine, palythine, asterina‐330, shinorine, porphyra‐334, usujirene, palythene); (ii) one to several MAAs per species and (iii) qualitative and quantitative seasonal changes in the MAAs (e.g. in Pelagodileptus trachelioides). In all species tested, concentrations of MAAs were always <1% of ciliate dry weight. 3. Several MAAs were also identified in the Chlorella isolated from the ciliates, thus providing initial evidence for their symbiotic origin. In Uroleptus sp., however, we found evidence for a dietary source of MAAs. 4. Our results suggest that accumulation of MAAs in Chlorella‐bearing ciliates represents an additional benefit of this symbiosis and an adaptation for survival in sunlit, UV‐exposed waters. 相似文献
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MONIKA ZAVODNA PAUL ARENS PETER J. VAN DIJK BEN VOSMAN 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(2):355-357
Microsatellite markers for Ficus montana and Ficus septica were developed using genomic libraries enriched for di‐, tri‐ and tetranucleotide repeats. The subsets of five and three best scorable primer pairs were characterized on 24 F. montana and 36 F. septica individuals, respectively. For F. montana, loci showed five to 14 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.23 and 0.87. For F. septica, loci showed three to five alleles per locus and expected heterozygosities ranged between 0.36 and 0.49. Four primer pairs (two from each subset) cross‐amplified in the other species, indicating transportability of the markers within the genus Ficus. 相似文献