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201.
Dr. William E. Whitehead Vincent M. Drescher Peter Heiman Barry Blackwell 《Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback》1977,2(4):371-392
The relation of heartbeat perception to voluntary control of heart rate (HR) and to learning of enhanced HR control during feedback was studied in three experiments. In Experiment I heartbeat perception was unrelated to voluntary control of HR but was negatively correlated with HR learning. Experiments II and III showed that heartbeat perception was unrelated to either initial voluntary control or learning and suggested that sampling error accounted for the negative correlation in Experiment I. Experiment I also demonstrated that learned increases in HR are retained for at least 10 weeks following feedback training. Autonomic Perception Questionnaire scores were not predictive of voluntary HR control or learning. 相似文献
202.
The purpose of the present investigation was to study the mode of action of a crude aqueous pineal extract (CAPE) on corticosterone (B) production from ACTH-mediated isolated adrenal cortex cells. Corticosterone production from a heterogenous adrenal cortex cell population, isolated from 8 male Sprague-Dawley rats, was measured fluorimetrically. CAPE (25 microliters) was tested in this system using ACTH (0--5,000 pg/ml) and dibutyryl-c-AMP (0--100 nM/ml) as stimuli for a period of 1 h. In a separate experiment, CAPE (25 microliters) was administered to ACTH (50 pg/ml) stimulated adrenal cortex cells for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min incubation periods. CAPE significantly decreased B produced by adrenal cortex cells at all doses of ACTH administered. CAPE also decreased the B produced by adrenal cortex cells when dibutyryl-c-AMP was used as a stimulus. The inhibitory effect of CAPE was manifest at some point in time between 30 and 60 min. It was significant at 60 min and highly significant at 120 min. It is evident from these data that CAPE and ACTH are not competing for the same receptor site. 相似文献
203.
Matthias Tschöp M.D. David B. Flora John P. Mayer Mark L. Heiman 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2002,10(10):991-999
Objective: The novel gastric hormone ghrelin has recently been identified as an important modulator of energy homeostasis. Leptin-responsive hypothalamic neuropeptide Y/Agouti-related protein neurons are believed to mediate afferent ghrelin signals. Little is known, however, about ghrelin-induced efferent signals. We therefore investigated if hypothalamic-pituitary axes have a role in transferring ghrelin-induced changes of energy balance to the periphery. Research Methods and Procedures: We subcutaneously injected hypophysectomized, as well as adrenalectomized, thyroidectomized, and sham-operated control rats with GH secretagogues [ghrelin, growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide] for 1 week. Body weight, food intake, and body composition (chemical carcass analysis) were analyzed and compared with vehicle-treated controls. In addition, we quantified circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin in hypophysectomized and GH–treated normal rats. Results: GH-secretagogue treatment of sham-operated control rats dose-proportionally increased food intake, body weight, and fat mass compared with vehicle-injected controls (p < 0.01). These effects, however, were not observed in ghrelin-treated hypophysectomized, thyroidectomized, or adrenalectomized rats, indicating an essential role for the pituitary axis in ghrelin-induced adiposity. Circulating levels of endogenous ghrelin were reduced by administration of GH in normal rats and were about 3-fold higher in hypophysectomized rats (n = 20, p = 0.001), suggesting a regulatory feedback loop involving the stomach and the pituitary to regulate gastric ghrelin secretion. Discussion: According to these results, the endocrine pituitary is mediating ghrelin-induced changes toward a positive energy balance and is involved in the regulation of ghrelin secretion through a gastro-hypophyseal feedback loop. 相似文献
204.
D. F. Heiman M. Haas J. K. Griffiths F. J. Bia 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》1984,57(5):787-795
Some of the problems which we see on the infectious disease consultation service can be quite frustrating. This is one such case. A middle-aged man presented to our medical service with fever and dyspnea. His fulminant downhill course was characterized by anemia, jaundice, hypercalcemia, pulmonary abnormalities, and a lack of responsiveness to conventional antimicrobial therapy. At autopsy, malignant-appearing histiocytes were present in several organs including spleen, lymph nodes, and lung. Histopathological examination of tissues obtained at autopsy confirmed the presence of phagocytized erythrocytes within such histiocytes. This case aptly illustrates the hazy dividing line which sometimes exists between infectious and/or malignant processes which are, at present, still of undetermined etiology. 相似文献
205.
This paper unfolds the events, the people and the times that led up to the
founding of AChemS and fashioned its character during its early formative
years. It describes the path over which AChemS came, going from the
original assertions and denials for the need of such an organization to its
later inception and nascent development. This narration highlights such
topics as the debate over the need for AChemS, the role of National Science
Foundation in the founding of AChemS, the derivation of the Association's
name, the choice of Sarasota and the Hyatt House as the meeting site, the
generation of the programs for the early annual meetings, the adoption of
the bylaws, the process of incorporation and tax deferment, and the birth
of the Givaudan Lectureship. Most emphatically highlighted, however, is the
enthusiasm, commitment and hard work that the members of the chemosensory
research community displayed in bringing AChemS to fruition.
相似文献
206.
In consultation the authors were requested to evaluate a middle-aged diabetic woman for an apparent episode of biliary sepsis. The patient had been admitted to the dermatology service with a four-day history of rash and pruritus. This was initially thought to represent an allergic reaction to dicloxacillin in someone with a previous history of penicillin hypersensitivity. Persistent right upper quadrant pain, fevers, elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase, and a radionuclide scan which did not demonstrate a functioning gall bladder led to a cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis and possible biliary sepsis. This diagnosis was not confirmed. Ultimately, this case illustrated the need to review carefully recent changes in any patient's drug regimen. Reactions to commonly prescribed agents may cause syndromes which are difficult to distinguish from episodes of apparent sepsis. 相似文献
207.