濒危植物兰花蕉的核型研究

研究了濒危植物兰花蕉及其变种长萼兰花蕉的核型。结果表明,兰花蕉中期染色体的相对长度为5.00～7.78μm,核型公式为2n=6x=54=23m+3sm(1sec)+1st(sec);而长萼兰花蕉中期染色体相对长度为5.00～7.92μm,核型公式为2n=6x=54=22m+4sm(2sec)+1st(sec)。按Stebbins的分类,两者均属2A型。根据核形态的有关数据分析,进一步支持将长萼兰花蕉作为兰花蕉变种处理的观点。     

粤北普通野生稻籼粳分化的SSR分析

本文利用28对籼粳特异性SSR引物对174个粤北普通野生稻个体进行分析.28对引物均有多态性,平均每对引物扩增出的等位变异数和基因型数分别为10.6和28.粤北普通野生稻群体有较高的遗传多样性(0.768 1),除了能扩增出典型的籼、粳特异基因,还能扩增出野生稻特有的基因.遗传一致度聚类分析表明粤北普通野生稻存在初步籼粳分化;2份(1.15%)材料偏籼,172份(98.85%)材料偏粳,群体以偏粳为主.基因组水平上整个粤北群体没有发现原始类型.     

Agrobacterium‐produced and exogenous cytokinin‐modulated Agrobacterium‐mediated plant transformation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes neoplastic growths, called ‘crown gall’, via the transfer and integration of transferred DNA (T‐DNA) from the bacterium into the plant genome. We characterized an acetosyringone (AS)‐induced tumour‐inducing (Ti) plasmid gene, tzs (trans‐zeatin synthesizing), that is responsible for the synthesis of the plant hormone cytokinin in nopaline‐type A. tumefaciens strains. The loss of Tzs protein expression and trans‐zeatin secretions by the tzs frameshift (tzs‐fs) mutant is associated with reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on white radish stems and reduced transformation efficiencies on Arabidopsis roots. Complementation of the tzs‐fs mutant with a wild‐type tzs gene restored wild‐type levels of trans‐zeatin secretions and transformation efficiencies. Exogenous application of cytokinin during infection increased the transient transformation efficiency of Arabidopsis roots infected by strains lacking Tzs, which suggests that the lower transformation efficiency resulted from the lack of Agrobacterium‐produced cytokinin. Interestingly, although the tzs‐fs mutant displayed reduced tumorigenesis efficiency on several tested plants, the loss of Tzs enhanced tumorigenesis efficiencies on green pepper and cowpea. These data strongly suggest that Tzs, by synthesizing trans‐zeatin at early stage(s) of the infection process, modulates plant transformation efficiency by A. tumefaciens.     

肾上腺髓质素对大鼠肠系膜微血管和微淋巴管的作用

应用活体显微电视录象技术,观察上腺髓质素对大鼠肠系膜微血管微淋巴管的作用及其对去甲肾上腺素,内皮素作用的是结果表明,ＡＤＭ直接扩张肠系膜各级微血管和向一淋巴管,拮抗ＮＥ和ＥＴ引起的微血效及微循环血流液态的异常改变。ＡＤＭ的上述作用可被一氧化氮生成抑制剂Ｎ＾９－ｎｉｔｒｏ－Ｌ－ａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ（Ｌ－ＮＮＡ）显著抑制。     

山羊生长激素基因5′调控区的多态性分析

以鲁北白山羊、引进波尔山羊、纯繁波尔山羊以及鲁北白山羊与波尔山羊的杂交一代、回交一代共计274个个体为研究材料,用两对引物分别扩增山羊生长激素(GH)基因5′区的26～239bp以及225～429bp片段,扩增产物经SSCP分析发现均存在多态性.在26～239bp片段上,波尔山羊及杂交后代以AA型个体占多数,而鲁北白山羊则BB型个体较多;在225～429bp片段上,所有种群均以CC型个体较多.对两个片段的纯合型(AA,BB;CC,DD)分别克隆测序发现:(1)26～239bp片段上AA型在第60位发生了C→T的突变,第211位发生碱基C的丢失,(2)225～429bp片段上,DD型存在3处突变,分别为264位由T→C,292位由T→A,372位由C→T.上述结果为首次实验证实山羊生长激素5′调控区存在序列多态性.     

Effect of insecticides and Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) genotype on a predator and parasitoid and implications for the evolution of insecticide resistance

In the laboratory and in cages in the greenhouse, we evaluated the toxicity of two insecticides (lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad) on the parasitoid, Diadegma insulare (Cresson), and the predator, Coleomegilla maculate (DeGeer), both natural enemies of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). Lambda-cyhalothrin was very toxic to both natural enemies. Spinosad was less toxic to C. maculata adults and larvae, and slightly toxic to D. insulare. Both natural enemies suppressed P. xylostella populations in cages with 80% spinosad-treated and 20% nontreated plants; such suppression was not seen when lambda-cyhalothrin was used. Using broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. variety italica, a common host for P. xylostella, we also studied direct and indirect effects of both natural enemies in the presence and absence of the two insecticides and to different P. xylostella genotypes: resistant to the insecticide, susceptible, or heterozygous. Neither natural enemy could distinguish host genotype if P. xylostella were feeding on nontreated plants. They could also not distinguish between larvae feeding on spinosad-treated plants and nontreated plants, but D. insulare could distinguish between larvae feeding on lambda-cyhalothrin treated and nontreated plants. Our studies suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin has direct toxicity to these two natural enemies, can affect their host foraging and acceptance of P. xylostella and consequently would not be compatible in conserving these natural enemies in a program for suppression of P. xylostella. In contrast, our studies suggest that treatment with spinosad has much less effect on these natural enemies and would allow them to help suppress populations of P. xylostella. These findings are discussed in relation to the evolution of insecticide resistance and suppression of the pest populations.     

An association between type Iγ PI4P 5-kinase and Exo70 directs E-cadherin clustering and epithelial polarization

E-Cadherin-mediated formation of adherens junctions (AJs) is essential for the morphogenesis of epithelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying E-cadherin clustering and AJ maturation are not fully understood. Here we report that type Iγ phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIPKIγ) associates with the exocyst via a direct interaction with Exo70, the exocyst subunit that guides the polarized targeting of exocyst to the plasma membrane. By means of this interaction, PIPKIγ mediates the association between E-cadherin and Exo70 and determines the targeting of Exo70 to AJs. Further investigation revealed that Exo70 is necessary for clustering of E-cadherin on the plasma membrane and extension of nascent E-cadherin adhesions, which are critical for the maturation of cohesive AJs. In addition, we observed phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P(2)) accumulation at E-cadherin clusters during the assembly of E-cadherin adhesions. PIPKIγ-generated PI4,5P(2) is required for recruiting Exo70 to newly formed E-cadherin junctions and facilitates the assembly and maturation of AJs. These results support a model in which PIPKIγ and PIPKIγ-generated PI4,5P(2) pools at nascent E-cadherin contacts cue Exo70 targeting and orient the tethering of exocyst-associated E-cadherin. This could be an important mechanism that regulates E-cadherin clustering and AJ maturation, which is essential for the establishment of solid, polarized epithelial structures.     

银杏叶的研究开发概况

本文对银杏叶的化学、药理、临床和制剂等进行了综述。     

寄生桦黑毛三节叶蜂的姬蜂科一中国新纪录种——日本恩姬蜂(膜翅目,姬蜂科)

报道在湖北省神农架发现的、寄生桦黑毛三节叶蜂Argesp.中国1新纪录种:日本恩姬蜂Endasys parviventris nipponicus(Uchida,1930)。     

Effects of auditory stimuli on the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster

It is well known that music can have calming effects on humans, other mammals and birds. Reducing environmental stress or enhancing the resistance to certain stressors has been shown to extend lifespan in several organisms. Evidence also suggests that mild temporary stress may also enhance stress resistance and ultimately slow the aging process. This study explored the possibility that music may influence the lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, possibly by affecting responses to stress. Flies received either background sounds (control), or background sounds supplemented with music (experimental). The experimental group had classical music playing constantly at an average of 20 dB above background sound. The median lifespan of females receiving music was 42 days compared to the median of 45 days without music, but the difference was not significant. For males median lifespans were 42 days with music exposure, and 47 days without music and the difference was significant. These results suggest that exposure to classical music decreased the lifespan of male Drosophila. Both experimental and control populations showed age-dependent increases in mortality, indicating that music affects the normal aging process rather than showing overt toxicity. These results suggest that certain auditory stimuli may be stressful and can be used as insect management.