11-脱氧18α-和18β-甘草次酸类抗癌复合物的制备和结构表征

为寻找新型肝靶向抗癌前药,将具有肝靶向特征的天然分子甘草次酸的半合成衍生物与抗癌药环磷酰胺的活性代谢物氮芥磷酰二氯偶联制成11-脱氧甘草次酸类两个目标化合物和7个中间体。化合物的化学结构用常规光谱分析法进行鉴定,对合成工艺、理化性质和光谱特征进行系统描述。本研究对甘草次酸类新型肝靶向抗癌前药的药理活性筛选奠定基础。     

应用多层次结构的功能反应模型比较捕食螨对不同猎物的捕食行为

在害虫生物防治研究中,选择适合的天敌种类或类型是能否有效控制害虫的关键.虽然传统的功能反应试验能够为评价天敌的捕食行为与猎物(或寄主)密度的关系提供有益的依据,但不能根据这些结果对天敌捕食能力进行统计比较.本文在Michaelis-Menten模型的基础上,提出多级层次结构的功能反应模型,使试验习子(如天敌类型、猎物种类等)对捕食行为的影响,表达为模型参数的改变.并根据Ibralim和Rahman(1997)发表的12组功能反应试验结果,应用这一多层次结构模型统计比较不同天敌类型的捕食行为、及猎物种类、猎物生长期对试验结果的影响.取得如下结论:1.根据模型预测值与试验观测结果的吻合程度及模型误差的分布,说明以Michaelis-Menton为基础的多层次结构的功能反应模型能够用于统计比较捕食螨种类间的捕食行为,以及猎物类型、猎物生长阶段和其它环境因子对天敌捕食行为的影响作用.2.这一模型的分析结果不仅从统计角度证实了Ibahim和Rahman(1997)的推测,即红色叶螨是更适于这种捕食螨的猎物.同时为捕食螨种类的选择及田间释放技术提供统计依据.     

Contrasting levels of genetic diversity between the historically rare orchid Cypripedium japonicum and the historically common orchid Cypripedium macranthos in South Korea

Many terrestrial orchids are historically rare and occur in small, spatially isolated populations. Theory predicts that such species will harbour low levels of genetic variation within populations and will exhibit a high degree of population genetic divergence, primarily as a result of genetic drift. If the origin of the present‐day populations is relatively recent from the same genetically depauperate source population, a complete lack of genetic differentiation between conspecific populations is expected. If a terrestrial orchid was historically common with moderate or high levels of genetic diversity, but has experienced more recent anthropogenic disturbance as a result of over‐collection, it would still exhibit initial levels of genetic variation within populations and a low degree of genetic divergence between populations. To test these predictions, we examined the genetic diversity in six populations (N = 131) of the historically and currently rare Cypripedium japonicum and in four populations (N = 94) of the historically common but now rare C. macranthos from South Korea. Fourteen putative allozyme loci resolved from eight enzyme systems revealed no variation either within or among populations of C. japonicum, which supports the first prediction. In contrast, populations of C. macranthos harboured high levels of genetic variation (mean percentage of polymorphic loci %P = 46.7; mean expected heterozygosity H_e = 0.185) and exhibited a low degree of population genetic divergence (G_ST = 0.059), supporting the second prediction. The lack of genetic variation both within and among conspecific populations of C. japonicum may suggest that populations originated from the same genetically depauperate ancestral population. The high levels of genetic diversity maintained in populations of C. macranthos suggest that the collection‐mediated decrease in the number of individuals is still too recent for long‐term effects on genetic variation. Based on current demographic and genetic data, in situ and ex situ conservation strategies should be provided to preserve genetic variation and to ensure the long‐term survival of the two species in the Korean Peninsula. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 160 , 119–129.     

A cytosolic class I small heat shock protein, RcHSP17.8, of Rosa chinensis confers resistance to a variety of stresses to Escherichia coli, yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana

Among the heat shock proteins (HSPs) of higher plants, those belonging to the small HSP (sHSP) family remain the least characterized in functional terms. To improve our understanding of sHSPs, we have characterized RcHSP17.8 from Rosa chinensis . Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis reveal this to be a cytosolic class I sHSP. RcHSP17.8 expression in R. chinensis was induced by heat, cold, salt, drought, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Recombinant RcHSP17.8 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and yeast to study its possible function under stress conditions. The recombinant E. coli and yeast cells that accumulated RcHSP17.8 showed improved viability under thermal, salt and oxidative stress conditions compared with control cultures. We also produced transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana that constitutively expressed RcHSP17.8. These plants exhibited increased tolerance to heat, salt, osmotic and drought stresses. These results suggest that R. chinensis cytosolic class I sHSP (RcHSP17.8) has the ability to confer stress resistance not only to E. coli and yeast but also to plants grown under a wide variety of unfavorable environmental conditions.     

大戟科Casbane烷型二萜化合物的研究进展

本文综述了目前在自然界发现的Casbane烷型二萜化合物的结构特点、生物活性、分布状况和合成研究,同时针对文献中该类成分的骨架编号顺序混乱并造成化合物命名错误问题,我们采用J Buckingham的编号方法,对所有casbane烷型二萜化合物结构进行重新编号,对部分化合物命名进行修改.     

封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量与体重的相关性分析

目的测定封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器重量和脏器系数,对脏器重量与体重的相关性进行分析,并计算出相应的直线回归方程和多元回归方程。方法实验选用6-10月龄普通级封闭群五指山小型猪30头（其中♂16头、♀14头）,分别测定体重和7个主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数,通过SAS软件进行脏器系数的性别间比较和各脏器重与体重间的相关与回归分析。结果性别间比较,小型猪仅有心脏的脏器系数差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。除公猪的胃脏和母猪的肺脏外,所测脏器重量与体重间均有明显的正相关线性关系;多因素分析显示公猪的肝脏和肾脏,母猪的心脏、肝脏和肾脏对各自体重有影响。结论封闭群五指山小型猪主要脏器系数性别间差异较小,其体重与某些脏器重量存在一定的线性关系。     

Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri

The colony hybridization method was presented for isolating microsatellite markers in Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. We designed primers to amplify 26 unique microsatellites. Fourteen primer pairs amplified clearly and were polymorphic. Based on characterization with 60 unrelated individuals, the number of alleles ranges from two to 13, and the expected heterozygosity ranges from 0.22 to 0.91. These markers have the potential for genetic studies in population structure and intraspecific variation.     

降钙素基因相关肽基因直接注射大鼠

所设计的基因表达一个含降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP,37个氨基酸)、及其N端信号肽和C端酰胺化位点的多肽.该基因克隆到哺乳动物表达载体pBPV上并构成pBPV-CGRP.将此质粒DNA直接注射自发高血压大鼠并导致其血压在注射样品后3～22 d内明显下降,下降幅度超过了12％,在第16天甚至达到了24.42％.基因直接注射比CGRP本身的降压作用维持时间更久.     

丘脑下部促黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A)的作用机制 Ⅲ.对罗非鱼脑垂体促性腺激素分泌细胞超微结构的影响

前文(方永强等,1981)探讨了罗非鱼脑垂体促性腺细胞的生理活动与雌鱼性腺发育不同时期的相互关系,对比注射LRH-A后2、4和10小时对促性腺细胞的影响。根据促性腺细胞核的形态和细胞质中分泌颗粒数量的变化,以及DNA、RNA、酸碱性蛋白和酸碱性磷酸酶等一系列反应,初步阐明了LRH-A的作用机制与细胞核和细胞质的代谢变化有关。在此基础上,本文较详细观察了LRH-A对垂体促性腺细胞超微结构的影响,目的在于从亚细胞的水平上,进一步了解其作用机制。