低氧低二氧化碳对大鼠脑血流的调节作用

低氧下脑血流与急性高原病有关,许多研究已证明,低氧不适应者的ＣＢＦ明显高于低氧适应者,而高原世居者则低于海平正常值。低氧下低动脉血二氧化碳分压有对抗低氧扩血管及降低ＣＢＦ的作用。因此研究低氧下低ＰａＣＯ２对ＣＢＦ的调节作用对于研究急性高原病的防治及其机理分析具有重要意义。本项研究目的：（１）揭示低氧下低ＰａＣＯ２与ＣＢＦ之间的关系;（２）通过增加通气量使ＰａＣＯ２下降至合适水平,以保护脑血流维持在     

中国国家公园的边界、分区和土地利用管理——来自自然保护区和风景名胜区的启示

作为生态文明制度改革的具体实现方式和前沿阵地,国家公园体制建设旨在对我国多样化的保护地体系进行重组管理,实现高效合理的国土空间规划、自然资本的保护和全民公益。研究对我国自然保护区和风景名胜区这两类法定保护地的边界和区划的理论基础和实践的技术手段的发展进行梳理,并对我国国家公园体制试点进展进行总结。在此基础上提出,中国国家公园在保护地个体的边界和内部分区上应以实现保护目标为原则,借鉴自然保护区功能分区的基本原则,根据管理目标细化功能分区,借鉴风景名胜区规划实践,注重景观价值,考虑社会经济条件特别是土地权属及土地开发利用可能和方式,进而考虑气候变化和区域长期发展目标等自然和社会经济动态,形成完整的边界和分区理论体系,从而满足全民公益,实现社区经济发展。在区划理论上,一个可行的切入点是考虑空间上生态系统服务功能的差异,根据实现保护目标的管理需求和满足社区生计发展的利用需求,在土地权属和其他限制条件上实现不同组合的生态系统服务功能的空间规划,利用保护地役权来分离土地所有权、使用权和收益权,限制特定土地利用方式,进行利益相关方资源利用管理。     

一株具有脱胶功能大麻内生真菌的分离和鉴定

采用组织块法对大麻(Cannabis sativa)根、茎、叶等组织中的内生真菌进行分离,利用平板透明圈法筛选具有脱胶功能的菌株,对获得的脱胶菌菌株进行形态学鉴定和分子生物学鉴定。结果表明:(1)从大麻根、茎、叶的组织部位共分离得到内生真菌16株,茎部分离到9株真菌,叶部5株,根部2株。(2)编号为DM6的内生真菌具有较强的果胶分解能力,其透明圈直径为2.49cm。(3)形态学鉴定发现,内生真菌DM6不能产生孢子,菌丝较为粗壮、分支较少、有明显的隔;分子学鉴定表明,内生真菌DM6与Phoma aliena(KC311486)序列的相似性最高,为99%,并且在系统发育树上位于同一分支上。因而内生真菌DM6可以鉴定为茎点霉属一种(Phomasp.)。     

Endophytes isolated from Panax notoginseng converted ginsenosides

Endophytes may participate in the conversion of metabolites within medicinal plants, influencing the efficacy of host. However, the distribution of endophytes within medicinal plants P. notoginseng and how it contributes to the conversion of saponins are not well understood. Here, we determined the distribution of saponins and endophytes within P. notoginseng compartments and further confirm the saponin conversion by endophytes. We found metabolites showed compartment specificity within P. notoginseng. Potential saponin biomarkers, such as Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rc and Rd, were obtained. Endophytic diversity, composition and co-occurrence networks also showed compartment specificity, and bacterial alpha diversity values were highest in root compartment, consistently decreased in the stem and leaf compartments, whereas those of fungi showed the opposite trend. Potential bacterial biomarkers, such as Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Pantoea and fungal biomarkers Phoma, Epicoccum, Xylariales, were also obtained. Endophytes related to saponin contents were found by Spearman correlation analysis, and further verification experiments showed that Enterobacter chengduensis could convert ginsenoside Rg1 to F1 at a rate of 13.24%; Trichoderma koningii could convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd at a rate of 40.00% and to Rg3 at a rate of 32.31%; Penicillium chermesinum could convert ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd at a rate of 74.24%.     

Genome-wide dissection of segregation distortion using multiple inter-subspecific crosses in rice

Mendelian inheritance can ensure equal segregation of alleles from parents to offspring, which provides fundamental basis for genetics and molecular biology. Segregation distortion(SD) leads to preferential transmission of certain alleles from generation to generation. Such violation of Mendelian genetic principle is often accompanied by reproductive isolation and eventually speciation. Although SD is observed in a wide range of species from plants to animals, genome-wide dissection of such biased transmission of gametes is rare. Using nine inter-subspecific rice crosses, a genome-wide screen for SD loci is performed, which reveals 61 single-locus quantitative trait loci and 194 digenic interactions showing distorted transmission ratio, among which 24 new SD loci are identified. Biased transmission of alleles is observed in all nine crosses, suggesting that SD exists extensively in rice populations. 72.13% distorted regions are repeatedly detected in multiple populations, and the most prevalent SD hotspot that observed in eight populations is mapped to chromosome 3. Xian alleles are transmitted at higher frequencies than geng alleles in inter-subspecific crosses, which change the genetic composition of the rice populations. Epistatic interaction contributes significantly to the deviation of Mendelian segregation at the whole-genome level in rice, which is distinct from that in animals. These results provide an extensive archive for investigating the genetic basis of SD in rice, which have significant implications in understanding the reproductive isolation and formation of inter-subspecific barriers during the evolution.     

土地流转背景下不同经营规模青田稻鱼共生系统的环境影响差异——基于碳足迹的实证研究

在快速工业化和城镇化的影响下,农业文化遗产的保护与管理正面临着适龄劳动力大量外流、土地抛荒、传统知识体系难以维持等诸多威胁与挑战。推动土地流转、进行适度规模经营,可在农业文化遗产的保护中产生积极作用。土地流转在给遗产地带来经济效益的同时,对当地生态环境产生的影响变化同样值得关注,但现有研究却少有涉及。本研究以全球重要农业文化遗产——浙江青田稻鱼共生系统为例,将不同经营规模的稻鱼共生系统分为小农户经营模式和规模化经营模式,运用生命周期法对两种模式的碳足迹进行核算。结果表明: 小农户经营模式和规模化经营模式的碳足迹分别为6510.80和5917.00 kg CO₂-eq·hm^-2,单位产值碳足迹分别为0.13和0.10 kg CO₂-eq·yuan^-1。与小农户经营模式相比,规模化经营模式温室气体排放更少,单位产值的环境影响更小。农户扩大经营规模后,当地温室气体排放减少了4097.20 kg CO₂-eq。农业生产过程中积累的CH₄在碳足迹中占比最大,农业生产资料中复合肥是仅次于CH₄的第二大温室气体排放来源。对于小农户经营模式,饲料中使用的玉米和小麦也对温室气体排放有重要的影响。因此,推动土地适度规模经营,有利于传统农业系统实现经济效益和环境效益的双赢,对于农业文化遗产保护具有重要作用。     

五指山小型猪下颌骨的测量及分析

目的通过对五指山小型猪(WZSP)下颌骨23个主要变量进行测量分析,以确定该小型猪下颌骨主要遗传变量的数值范围。方法临床解剖取出下颌骨,用水煮沸后剔除肌肉和骨膜,然后用10%甲醛浸泡24h,再用万能角度尺、游标卡尺、卷尺对25例五指山小型猪(8～14月龄,17例雄性,8例雌性)的23个主要变量进行测量。并对测量结果进行统计学分析。结果在测得的雄性和雌性五指山猪下颌骨的23项变量中有4项差异有显著性,2项差异有极显著性,其他差异无显著性;下颌骨各变量之间存在一定的相关性,雄性下颌骨变量x7、x16、x22与其他17项变量相关有显著性或相关有极显著性,雌性下颌骨变量x21与其他11项变量相关有显著性或相关有极显著性。雄性五指山猪下颌骨测量变量显著、极显著相关性所占比例达到52.97%,雌性达到17.00%。与琉球野猪的下颌骨相比,雄性五指山小型猪的x15、x16、x21等变量差异无显著性,雌性的x15、x16、x21、x22等变量差异无显著性,而x2差异有显著性,琉球野猪的下颌骨显得更为狭长。与人及恒河猴(Macacamulatta)、猕猴等动物相比,五指山小型猪下颌骨的多项变量要高。结论测得五指山小型猪育成猪的下颌骨23项变量,可为五指山小型猪遗传、牙科等方面研究提供下颌骨形态学特征的资料。     

太湖典型草、藻型湖区紫外辐射的衰减及影响因素分析

2004年4月通过野外原位观测和实验室测定相结合的方法对东太湖和梅梁湾典型草、藻型湖区紫外辐射光谱衰减及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,320nm(UV-B)、380nm(UV-A)的衰减系数在6.33~19.59m-1、3.41~13.64m-1间变化,对应的1%表面光强穿透深度分别为0.24~0.73m、0.35~1.35m,到达湖面的99%UV-B辐射在0.5m左右表层水就衰减完毕,东太湖和梅梁湾紫外辐射衰减系数存在明显的湖区差异;溶解性有机碳(DOC)的浓度在6.60~17.17mg/L间变化,其均值为(9.99±2.48)mg/L;375nm波长处CDOM吸收系数为1.78~6.25m-1,均值为(3.70±1.10)m-1;在短波部分CDOM吸收与DOC浓度存在显著性相关,相关性大致随波长降低而增加,320nm处的线性关系式:ad320=0.885DOC 2.182;紫外辐射衰减主要受制于水体中的CDOM浓度,衰减系数与DOC浓度、CDOM吸收系数存在显著性相关,340nm处的关系式分别为:Kd340=0.82 1.05DOC、Kd340=1.98 1.49ad340。在太湖紫外辐射衰减还要受悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度的影响,衰减系数与DOC、叶绿素a和悬浮物浓度多元回归的结果明显要高于单独与DOC浓度或CDOM吸收系数的回归结果。     

Isolation and functional analysis of a Brassica juncea gene encoding a com-ponent of auxin efflux carrier

Polar auxin transport plays a divergent role in plant growth and developmental processes including root and embryo development, vascular pattern formation and cell elongation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis pin gene family was believed to encode a component of auxin efflux carrier (G(?)lweiler et al, 1998). Based on the Arabidopsis pin1 sequence we have isolated a Brassica juncea cDNA (designated Bjpin1), which encoded a 70-kDa putative auxin efflux carrier. Deduced BjPIN1 shared 65% identities at protein level with AtPINl and was highly homologous to other putative PIN proteins of Arabidopsis (with highest homology to AtPIN3). Hydrophobic analysis showed similar structures between BjPINl and AtPIN proteins. Presence of 6 exons (varying in size between 65 bp and 1229 bp) and 5 introns (sizes between 89 bp and 463 bp) in the genomic fragment was revealed by comparing the genomic and cDNA sequences. Northern blot analysis indicated that Bjpin1 was expressed in most of the tissues tested, with a relatively h     

Correlation of the kinetics of finger domain mutants in RB69 DNA polymerase with its structure

We have estimated pre-steady-state kinetic parameters for the addition of a single nucleotide residue by a set of RB69 DNA polymerase mutants in which four highly conserved residues in the fingers domain have been replaced by Ala. The relationship between the kinetic constants exhibited by the mutants and the structure of the ternary complex [Franklin, M., Wang, J., and Steitz T. (2001) Cell 105, 657-667] was consistent with the following sets of interactions between the conserved residues and oxygen atoms in the triphosphate portion of the incoming dNTP: (i) the epsilon-amino group of K560 contacts oxygen atoms of the alpha- and gamma-phosphates, (ii) the amide side chain of Asn 564 forms a hydrogen bond via a water molecule with the nonbridging oxygen of the beta-phosphate, and (iii) the epsilon-amino and delta-guanidino groups of K486 and R482, respectively, contact the nonbridging oxygens of the gamma-phosphate. We have also determined the pre-steady-state kinetic parameters for the addition of both dCTP and dCDP onto a 13/20mer primer/template with an exo(-) derivative of RB69 DNA polymerase and have shown that the deoxynucleoside diphosphate can be incorporated, in contrast to the behavior of the Klenow fragment which cannot use dCDP as a substrate. We have shown that, with RB69 DNA polymerase, in contrast to the Klenow fragment, there is no inhibition of the primer-extension reaction by incoming NTPs having either noncomplementary bases or ribo- instead of a deoxyribose moieties. This implies that the mode of recognition of incoming dNTPs and triggering of the conformational change, which is thought to occur prior to the chemical step, differs between these two enzymes.