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21.
Identification and functional characterization of the Arabidopsis Snf1‐related protein kinase SnRK2.4 phosphatidic acid‐binding domain
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MAGDALENA M. JULKOWSKA FIONN MCLOUGHLIN CARLOS S. GALVAN‐AMPUDIA JOHANNA M. RANKENBERG DOROTA KAWA MARIA KLIMECKA MICHEL A. HARING TEUN MUNNIK EDGAR E. KOOIJMAN CHRISTA TESTERINK 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(3):614-624
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important signalling lipid involved in various stress‐induced signalling cascades. Two SnRK2 protein kinases (SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10), previously identified as PA‐binding proteins, are shown here to prefer binding to PA over other anionic phospholipids and to associate with cellular membranes in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis roots. A 42 amino acid sequence was identified as the primary PA‐binding domain (PABD) of SnRK2.4. Unlike the full‐length SnRK2.4, neither the PABD‐YFP fusion protein nor the SnRK2.10 re‐localized into punctate structures upon salt stress treatment, showing that additional domains of the SnRK2.4 protein are required for its re‐localization during salt stress. Within the PABD, five basic amino acids, conserved in class 1 SnRK2s, were found to be necessary for PA binding. Remarkably, plants overexpressing the PABD, but not a non‐PA‐binding mutant version, showed a severe reduction in root growth. Together, this study biochemically characterizes the PA–SnRK2.4 interaction and shows that functionality of the SnRK2.4 PABD affects root development. 相似文献
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ALEXANDRE VILLERS ALEXANDRE MILLON FREDERIC JIGUET JEAN‐MICHEL LETT CAROLE ATTIE MANUEL B. MORALES VINCENT BRETAGNOLLE 《Ibis》2010,152(2):254-261
Populations of the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax in the farmlands of Europe have declined greatly over the last century. In Western Europe, France now holds the only remaining migratory population, which currently numbers fewer than 300 displaying males. However, the movements of these birds are virtually unknown, in spite of the important implications of this information for the conservation of this species. We identified migratory movements and overwintering areas of French migratory populations, using wild individuals fitted with satellite or radio‐transmitters. Little Bustards completed their migration journey over a relatively short time period (2–5 days), with nocturnal migration flights of 400–600 km per night. All birds overwintered in Iberia. In addition, we tested the consequences of captive rearing on migratory movements. French wild adults and French captive‐bred juveniles behaved similarly with regard to migration, suggesting that hand‐raising does not alter migratory movements. However, birds originating from eggs collected in Spain and reared in western France did not migrate, suggesting a genetic component to migratory behaviour. These results therefore suggest that a conservation strategy involving the release in France of birds hatched from eggs collected in Spain may imperil the expression of migratory movements of the French population. More generally, to maintain the integrity of native populations, the introduced individuals should mimic their migratory movements and behaviour. 相似文献
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G. TRUCHET M. MICHEL J. DÉNARIÉ 《Differentiation; research in biological diversity》1980,16(1-3):163-172
Legume root-nodules are differentiated organs composed of peripheral tissue containing vascular bundles, and a central tissue in which are located the nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. The morphogenesis of these eukaryotic organs is induced by a prokaryotic organism, Rhizobium , which is amenable to genetic analysis. Inoculation of lucerne seedlings with leucine-requiring (Leu− ) mutants of R. meliloti resulted in the formation of ineffective nodules. In these nodules, bacteria were not released from the infection threads into the host cytoplasm. When urea was provided as a nitrogen source to compensate for the defect in nitrogen fixation, the nodules became anatomically similar to those of effective nodules induced by the wild-type strain. The fact that these nodules were induced by bacteria which remained sequestered in infection threads indicates that nodule morphogenesis can be triggered from a distance. We hypothesize the existence of a bacterial nodule organogenesis-inducing principle (NOIP) which can cross the plant cell wall and plasmalemma.
In nitrogen-fixing nodules the central tissue exhibited a ploidy gradient, while in ineffective Leu− nodules it was found to be monosomatic. The initiation of nodule formation is therefore independent of polyploidy. Supplying the defective plant-bacterial system with l -leucine or one of its precursors, α-ketoisovalerate or α-ketoisocaproate, caused the release of rhizobia into the plant cytoplasm and a restoration of nitrogen fixation. In the central tissue infected cells were polyploid and enlarged, and uninfected cells remained small and contained small nuclei. Therefore induction of differentiation of the central tissue requires the presence of bacteria in the cytoplasm. We hypothesize the role of a bacterial central tissue differentiation inducing principle (CTDIP) which cannot pass from cell to cell. 相似文献
In nitrogen-fixing nodules the central tissue exhibited a ploidy gradient, while in ineffective Leu