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11.
PHILIPPE GAUCHER PATRICK PAILLAT CLAUDE CHAPPUIS MICHEL SAINT JALME FATEMEH LOTFIKHAH MICHAEL WINK 《Ibis》1996,138(2):273-282
The Houbara Bustard Chlamydotis undulata is a polytypic species with three subspecies classified according size, colour and distribution: C. u. undulata, C. u. fuertaventurae and C. u. macqueenii. A comparative study of the male display behaviour of these three subspecies has shown similarities between C. u. undulata and C. u. fuertaventurae , whereas appreciable differences exist in the visual and auditory aspects of the display between C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii. These observations make the current taxonomy of Houbara Bustard questionable, particularly in view of the major importance of the sexual display in bird speciation processes. Furthermore, DNA analysis of the cytochrome b gene indicates the existence of a significant differentiation between the C. u. undulata and C. u. macqueenii populations. These findings indicate the need for a revision of the taxonomy of genus Chlamydotis which should separate the macqueenii and undulata populations at species rank. Until further investigations are completed, C. u. fuertaventurae should be kept as a subspecies of undulata since the courtship display is alike in both populations. 相似文献
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MANUEL SÁNCHEZ-MORENO CARMEN FERNANDEZ-BECERRA EMILIO ENTRALA FRED R. OPPERDOES MICHEL DOLLET ANTONIO OSUNA 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1995,42(3):314-320
ABSTRACT. We describe the in vitro culture of Phytomonas species isolated from Euphorbia characias . The best choice between tested media was SDM-79, in which promastigotes, after 6 days of culture, reached cell densities as high as 4 × 107 cells/ml. Cells growing in LIT or MTL medium showed longer division times and lower cell densities. We succeeded in obtaining Phytomonas sp. amastigote and spheromastigote forms in modified GRACE's medium, yielding transformation rates of up to 70%. Electron microscopy studies were performed in order to characterize the ultrastructural features of these forms obtained in vitro. On the other hand, metabolic studies based on qualitative (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and quantitative metabolic methods (enzymatic assays) showed that promastigote forms secreted mainly ethanol, acetate, glycine, glycerol, piruvate and succinate in SDM-79 medium, whereas the major metabolites found after transformation in modified Grace's medium were ethanol, acetate, glycine, piruvate and smaller amounts of glycerol. 相似文献
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Abstract.
- 1 The structure of local populations of a monophagous butterfly, the bog fritillary Proclossiana eunomia, was studied in a complex of suitable habitat patches separated by spruce plantations or fertilized pasture.
- 2 An unexpected high level of adult movements between habitat patches was detected by a mark—release—recapture technique. Local populations were connected by adult movements across unsuitable habitats, leading to a meta-population structure.
- 3 This evidence of the metapopulation structure of a specialist butterfly challenges the supposed relationship between habitat specialization and closed, isolated populations.
- 4 Males and females of P.eunomia exhibited different spatial behaviours; females were more likely to emigrate and dispersed further than males. These differences in spatial behaviour are related to the mating system.
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IAN J. JACKSON PETER BUDD JACQUELINE M. HORN RUTH JOHNSON SOPHIE RAYMOND KAREN STEEL 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1994,7(2):73-80
The formation of mouse coat color is a relatively complex developmental process that is affected by a large number of mutations, both naturally occurring and induced. The cloning of the genes in which these mutations occur and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which these mutations disrupt the normal pigmentation pattern is leading to an understanding of the way interactions between gene products lead to a final phenotype. 相似文献
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HUIQUAN ZHAO YANG ZHAO JAMES J. NORDLUND RAYMOND E. BOISSY 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1994,7(3):131-140
Human TRP-1 has been immunopurified from normal human melanocytes cultured from black neonatal subjects and used to investigate the catalytic function of TRP-1 for the two substrates, L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. Immunopurified TRP-1 did not demonstrate DOPA staining on SDS/PAGE nor DOPA oxidase (DO) activity with either routine or modified assays. The purified TRP-1 also demonstrated no tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity using the routine Pomerantz assay. However, there was apparent TH activity exhibited by immunopurified TRP-1 under conditions with low tyrosine concentration (≤0.8 μCi/ml of 3H-tyrosine), prolonged incubation time (i.e., overnight) and in the absence of the cofactor L-DOPA. Using these latter specific conditions, TH activity was also detected in cell lysates from a tyrosinase-negative albino melanocyte line which exhibited no TH activity with the routine Pomerantz assay. In addition, TH activity under low substrate assay conditions was not exhibited in a melanocyte line derived from a TRP-1 deficient, Brown albino individual. However, the absence of TH in this Brown albino cell line could be compensated for by the addition of L-DOPA to the assay. These results suggested that TRP-1 has some tyrosine hydroxylase but no DOPA oxidase activity. We propose that one function of TRP-1 is to modulate tyrosinase activity by making DOPA available as a cofactor to perpetuate the initial steps in melanogenesis. 相似文献
16.
JAMAL Z. FAROOQUI BILLYE W. AUCLAIR EDWARD ROBB EDWARD SARKISIAN CAROL COOPER J. WESLEY ALEXANDER GLEN WARDEN RAYMOND E. BOISSY JAMES NORLUND 《Pigment cell & melanoma research》1993,6(4):226-233
The mechanisms for hyperpigmentation observed in human cutaneous xenografts placed on athymic nude mice was investigated. Histologic, biochemical, histochemical, and ultrastructural examinations were performed on human skin prior to grafting and at various times ranging from 2 weeks to 30 weeks post-grafting (PG). Hyperpigmentation was macroscopically visible on the graft as early as 4–6 weeks. The number of Dopa-positive melanocytes per unit area was increased at 2 weeks PG and remained elevated until 20 weeks PG. The surface area of the melanocytes, a measure of the activity of the cells, also increased significantly and remained above the pre-grafting size throughout the study. Western blot analysis using tyrosinase specific antibody (αTy-SP) revealed the presence of tyrosinase exclusively in the grafted skin from 2 weeks to 12 weeks PG tested. Histological and ultrastructural observations revealed the presence of numerous dendritic melanocytes, indeterminant clear cells suggestive of Langerhans cells, and dermal melanophages. The results of this study suggest that the observed hyperpigmentation in grafted tissue is caused by an increase in the number of Dopa-positive melanocytes and probably from enhanced melanin production. Extracts of proteins from the xenografts exhibited prominent differences in low and high molecular proteins between pre- and post-grafted skin. Among them, the exclusive appearance of a protein doublet with apparent mw ~14 kDa was found in grafted skin, and subsequent studies indicate it has potent effects on melanocyte function. 相似文献
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