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Identification and functional characterization of the Arabidopsis Snf1‐related protein kinase SnRK2.4 phosphatidic acid‐binding domain 下载免费PDF全文
MAGDALENA M. JULKOWSKA FIONN MCLOUGHLIN CARLOS S. GALVAN‐AMPUDIA JOHANNA M. RANKENBERG DOROTA KAWA MARIA KLIMECKA MICHEL A. HARING TEUN MUNNIK EDGAR E. KOOIJMAN CHRISTA TESTERINK 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(3):614-624
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important signalling lipid involved in various stress‐induced signalling cascades. Two SnRK2 protein kinases (SnRK2.4 and SnRK2.10), previously identified as PA‐binding proteins, are shown here to prefer binding to PA over other anionic phospholipids and to associate with cellular membranes in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis roots. A 42 amino acid sequence was identified as the primary PA‐binding domain (PABD) of SnRK2.4. Unlike the full‐length SnRK2.4, neither the PABD‐YFP fusion protein nor the SnRK2.10 re‐localized into punctate structures upon salt stress treatment, showing that additional domains of the SnRK2.4 protein are required for its re‐localization during salt stress. Within the PABD, five basic amino acids, conserved in class 1 SnRK2s, were found to be necessary for PA binding. Remarkably, plants overexpressing the PABD, but not a non‐PA‐binding mutant version, showed a severe reduction in root growth. Together, this study biochemically characterizes the PA–SnRK2.4 interaction and shows that functionality of the SnRK2.4 PABD affects root development. 相似文献
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Abstract.
- 1 The structure of local populations of a monophagous butterfly, the bog fritillary Proclossiana eunomia, was studied in a complex of suitable habitat patches separated by spruce plantations or fertilized pasture.
- 2 An unexpected high level of adult movements between habitat patches was detected by a mark—release—recapture technique. Local populations were connected by adult movements across unsuitable habitats, leading to a meta-population structure.
- 3 This evidence of the metapopulation structure of a specialist butterfly challenges the supposed relationship between habitat specialization and closed, isolated populations.
- 4 Males and females of P.eunomia exhibited different spatial behaviours; females were more likely to emigrate and dispersed further than males. These differences in spatial behaviour are related to the mating system.
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FRANÇOIS X. CÔTE † SERGE GALZI † MICHEL FOLLIOT YANNICK LAMAGNÈRE PIERRE-YVES TEYCHENEY MARIE-LINE ISKRA-CARUANA 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2010,11(1):137-144
The genome of Musa balbisiana spp. contains several infectious endogenous sequences of Banana streak virus (eBSV). We have shown previously that in vitro micropropagation triggers the activation of infectious eBSOLV (endogenous sequences of Banana streak Obino l'Ewai virus ) in the synthetic tetraploid interspecific hybrid FHIA21 (AAAB). In this work, we show that another synthetic tetraploid (AAAB) hybrid and two natural triploid (AAB) plantains are equally prone to the activation of infectious eBSOLV during tissue culture. These results are a strong indication that such activation is a general phenomenon in interspecific Musa cultivars, whether synthetic or natural. We also report the first in-depth study of the correlation between the duration of tissue culture and the level of activation of infectious eBSOLV, and show that specific and common activation patterns exist in these banana plants. We hypothesize that these patterns result from the concomitant activation of infectious eBSOLV and a decrease in the virus titre in neoformed plantlets, resulting from cell multiplication outcompeting virus replication. We provide experimental data supporting this hypothesis. No activation of infectious eBSGFV (endogenous sequences of Banana streak Goldfinger virus) by tissue culture was observed in the two natural AAB plantain cultivars studied here, whereas such activation occurred in the AAAB synthetic hybrid studied. We demonstrate that this differential activation does not result from differences in the structure of eBSGFV, as all banana genomes harbour eaBSGFV-7. 相似文献
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LEONARD N. PAPADOPOULOS JONATHAN A. TODD ELLINOR MICHEL 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2004,140(2):223-240
In the study of gastropod shell morphology, determination of comparable ontogenetic stages is crucial, because all the states that various shell features go through during ontogeny are preserved on the shell. The protoconch/teleoconch transition and marks of episodic growth are among the few ways of defining discrete, comparable, growth stages. In gastropods with determinate growth the attainment of adulthood may provide additional shell markers permitting comparison among individuals and taxa. Adulthood is reflected in shell morphology in ways as diverse as shell deposition covering all the previous whorls and radically changing the shape of the shell through to slight changes in the trajectory of the suture. While the very prominent adulthood‐related changes of shell morphology have been used as systematic characters, the more moderate changes have not been studied in detail and their potential systematic value has been ignored. In this paper we give a detailed account of adult modifications of the shell appearing with cessation of growth. Our study group comprises eight closely related species of Lavigeria from Lake Tanganyika. We show that the ways adulthood is manifested are quite diverse. We describe eight characters of the aperture, the suture and the sculptural ornamentation. Character occurrence varies greatly among species. We show that characters appear in suites and that in many cases their appearance is connected to size. We use size as a proxy for adulthood and test whether character occurrence alone or its connection to size can help resolve species relationships. In both cases our characters confirm the monophyly of our ingroup and yield cladograms with various degrees of resolution of ingroup relationships. The coding method that yields the greater character congruence is the one that takes into consideration the connection between appearance of a character and size. This study demonstrates that ontogenetically correlated character transformations may nevertheless be phylogenetically independent. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 140 , 223?240. 相似文献
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NICOLAS HARMEL RAKI ALMOHAMAD MARIE-LAURE FAUCONNIER PATRICK DU JARDIN FRANCOIS VERHEGGEN MICHEL MARLIER ERIC HAUBRUGE FREDERIC FRANCIS 《Insect Science》2007,14(1):57-63
To cope with pathogen and insect attacks, plants develop different mechanisms of defence, in both direct (physical and chemical) and indirect ways (attractive volatiles to entomophagous beneficials). Plants are then able to express traits that facilitate "top-down" control of pests by attracting herbivore predators. Here we investigate the indirect defence mechanism of potato plants by analyzing the volatile patterns of both healthy and aphid- infested plants. Important changes in the emitted terpene pattern by the Myzus persicae infested host plant were observed. Using Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) and GC-MS, the (E)-fl-farnesene (EBF) appeared to be emitted by aphid-infested potato and not by healthy plants. To assess the infochemical role of these volatile releases after aphid damage on the aphidophagous predators Episyrphus balteams, the hoverfly foraging behavior was assessed using the Observer 5.0 software (Noldus, Wageningen, The Netherlands). Aphidfree potato plants were also used as a control volatile source in the predator behavioral study. While aphid-infested plants induced efficient searching and acceptation behaviors leading to egg-laying, no kairomonal effect of healthy potato plants was observed, leading to longer immobility durations and shorter searching periods in the net cage. High oviposition rate of E. balteatus was observed when aphid-infested potato was used (mean of 48.9 eggs per laying and per female). On the other hand, no egg was produced by the hoverfly on healthy aphid-free plants. The E. balteatus foraging and reproductive behaviors according to the volatile emission from aphid-infested plants are discussed in relation to the potential use of active infochemical molecules in integrated aphid pest management. 相似文献
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MICHEL ROUX NADIA AMÉZIANE MARC ELEAUME 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2009,155(1):22-39
The main characters of the stalked crinoids of the family Pentacrinitidae attributed to the genus Teliocrinus are re‐evaluated from a quantitative study of phenotype variation, new observations on arm and stalk articulations, and observation of ontogenetic trends. All of the specimens collected in the northern Indian Ocean belong to the same species, i.e. Teliocrinus springeri (Clark, 1909). However, two phenotypes living at different depths remain valid as subspecies: Teliocrinus springeri springeri (Clark, 1909) and Teliocrinus springeri liliaceus (Clark, 1909). Teliocrinus shares several ontogenetic trends with Endoxocrinus, especially in nonfunctional brachial articulations and stalk symplexies. Its assignment to the Diplocrininae is confirmed. A discussion of its affinities with pentacrinid fossil genera in which the crown is well preserved suggests that Diplocrininae could have first appeared during the Lower Cretaceous. A shortening of brachitaxes and a paedomorphic trend of stalk symplexies are the main other evolutionary traits. Nonfunctional articulations are frequently found at the paedomorphic pole of the heterochronic gradient, without clear derived characters. Classification of pentacrinids mainly based on such symplesiomorphy or paedomorphic characters must be definitively abandoned. However, in post‐Palaeozoic stalked crinoids the scarcity of well‐preserved fossils, the high frequency of paedomorphy, and convergent adaptive characters makes phylogenetic reconstruction only based on morphological characters very difficult and speculative. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 155 , 22–39. 相似文献