草本凋落物与尿素联合修复对油污土壤生物化学性质的影响

为研究植物残体配合施氮对石油污染土壤生物学和化学性质的综合修复能力,以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia gmelinii)和小冠花(Coronilla varia)3种广泛分布于陕北石油污染区的草本植物凋落物为对象,分别在配合施氮调节土壤C∶N为25∶1和不配合施氮的条件下,将其与45.37 g/kg的重度石油污染土壤混合,在20—25℃、恒湿条件下进行为期180 d的室内修复试验,检测上述处理对油污土壤微生物数量、11种土壤水解酶和氧化还原酶活性以及速效N、P和K含量的影响。结果表明:(1)3种凋落物处理均可显著提高污染土壤中放线菌和真菌数量,蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性以及速效养分含量,并显著降低土壤总石油烃含量。(2)配合施氮总体上显著强化了凋落物对污染土壤生化性质的修复作用,但对凋落物处理下木聚糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和脱氢酶活性和微生物数量的恢复可能产生不利影响。(3)单纯使用凋落物作为调理剂可以更为全面的修复油污土壤受损生化性质,具有高N和P含量、较低C/N、C/P比以及较低多酚和木质素含量的凋落物修复效果更好。在急需迅速修复土壤的条件下,配合适量施氮可作为强化凋落物修复效果的可选途径,但应注意其导致的部分土壤生化指标修复效果的降低。     

基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白假病毒模型的构建

目的:以HIV为骨架构建单次复制性的含基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的假病毒模型,观察其对哺乳动物细胞的侵染性。方法:PCR合成基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因,克隆到真核表达载体上,与HIV慢病毒包装系统质粒共转染293FT细胞,48 h后收培养上清,在8μg/mL Polybrene存在下感染293FT细胞,感染48 h后在荧光显微镜下观察结果。结果:PCR合成了基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因并克隆到真核表达载体上,测序结果正确;共转染293FT细胞后,检测到基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的表达并包装成假病毒,感染新鲜293FT细胞后能够检测到绿色荧光蛋白。结论:合成的基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白基因能正确表达并包装成假病毒,含基孔肯雅病毒囊膜蛋白的假病毒能感染293FT细胞并表达绿色荧光蛋白,可用该假病毒模型进一步研究基孔肯雅病毒的感染性,筛选评价抗基孔肯雅病毒药物。     

小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型的构建及条件优化

目的:构建小鼠的脑缺血再灌注模型,并对其进行优化。方法:通过对线栓法缺血再灌注脑损伤模型的各个因素的对比实验,在线拴位置、线径、进线深度、小鼠种类等方面对该方法进行了优化改进。结果:造模后的脑片经TTC染色,梗死区域清晰;神经功能评分的体征明显。现有条件下构建的小鼠MCAO模型,成功率可以达到80%以上,成活率可以达到90%以上。与对照组相比,小鼠MCAO模型组血清SOD活性及MDA水平有显著变化(P0.01)。结论:经改进和优化,小鼠脑缺血再灌注模型的成功率和成活率大大提高且症状明显,对缺血缺氧性神经损伤研究具有一定的参考价值。     

基于裂解酶与ATP生物发光法特异定量检测炭疽杆菌方法的研究简

目的：原核表达炭疽杆菌噬菌体叮裂解酶（PlyG）和萤光素酶（Luc）,结合这2种酶建立特异定量检测炭疽杆菌的方法。方法：PCR扩增得到带有His标签的裂解酶基因和萤光素酶基因,构建重组表达载体pET22b-p@G和DET22b-luc,转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）并诱导表达,过镍柱纯化得到目的蛋白;利用裂解酶裂解和ATP生物发光定量检测蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVFl,与平板计数法对比建立线性关系。结果：表达了炭疽杆菌噬菌体γ裂解酶和萤光素酶,并建立了特异定量检测蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVF1的方法,与平板计数方法具有显著的线性相关。结论：因炭疽杆菌与蜡样芽孢杆菌RSVF1均对PlyG具有较强的敏感性,故本研究所建立的将炭疽杆菌噬菌体γ裂解酶与萤光素一萤光素酶系统相结合的检测方法对现场或临床定性定量检测炭疽杆菌提供了理论支持,具有良好的应用前景。     

热激蛋白70的研究进展

热激蛋白(HSP70)作为分子伴侣参与细胞内许多重要反应,从而对生物体起着重要的作用。随着研究的深入,其生物学功能不断被发现和利用的同时,HSP70的应用前景也变得越来越广泛。已有研究者对HSP70的生物学功能做了详细介绍,我们主要对近年来HSP70在医学及环境监测等方面的应用进行综述。     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

为探讨外源喷施亚精胺(Spd)对燕麦幼苗生长和耐盐性的影响,该研究选用燕麦品种‘白燕5号’为试验材料,通过水培试验研究70 mmol/L盐胁迫下(NaCl和Na₂SO₄摩尔比1∶1混合),叶面喷施不同浓度的亚精胺对燕麦幼苗生长、根系活力、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛、游离脯氨酸和离子含量的影响。结果显示:(1)盐胁迫显著抑制了燕麦幼苗生长,喷施0.75 mmol/L Spd使盐胁迫下幼苗地上、地下干重和根系活力分别显著提高34.1%、23.8%和24.7%。(2)喷施0.75 mmol/L Spd使幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性较对照分别显著增加了17.0%、22.9%和23.7%,根系中分别显著增加了43.0%、19.4%和91.2%,并使幼苗叶片和根系中的MDA含量分别显著降低了25.2%和12.8%。(3)喷施0.75 mmol/L Spd使燕麦幼苗叶片和根系游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量分别显著增加了63.3%和362.6%,并使叶片Na⁺/K⁺、N...     

Polypharmacy in the management of patients with schizophrenia on risperidone in a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia

The present study was conducted primarily to determine the occurrence of polypharmacy in patients with schizophrenia on risperidone. The secondary aim was to ascertain the incidence of inappropriate prescribing with anticholinergics. A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who were being followed up at the out-patient clinic of a tertiary-care hospital in Malaysia was conducted. Only patients who were being prescribed risperidone between 1 June 2008 and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Demographic data such as patient’s age, gender and race were obtained from the patient’s medical records. In total, 113 patients met the selection criteria. Polypharmacy was found to occur in 34 patients (30.09%), with the majority (76.47%) being on two antipsychotics. In total, 27 patients (34.18%) on monotherapy with risperidone were prescribed an anticholinergic on scheduled dosing, while 19 patients (24.05%) were prescribed it on an as-needed basis. Of the patients on polypharmacy, 26 (76.47%) were on scheduled dosing of anticholinergics, while three (8.82%) were taking the medication on an as-needed basis. Polypharmacy should be avoided, and the use of anticholinergics should be closely reviewed. By adopting more efficient prescribing practices, costs can be reduced and financial resources can instead be channelled towards more beneficial areas for the patients.     

The development of plant-parasitic nematode infestations on micro-propagated banana plants following field control measures in Côte d'Ivoire

Of the weeds that were found in banana production areas, only Asystasia gangetica was parasitised by Radopholus similis; Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Hoplolaimus pararobustus were able to parasitise all weed species. Field trials were carried out in Cote d'Ivoire to assess the potential for using nematode-free micro-propagated banana plants following cultural and chemical methods for nematode control. Banana (Musa acuminata) cv. Poyo was examined for nematodes after weed fallow, flooding and chemical treatment. Before replanting bananas, nematode assays showed that: i) all nematode species declined but were not eliminated after a 1,3-dichloropropene soil treatment; ii) H. multicinctus, H. pararobustus and Cephalenchus emarginatus were still present after either a 2-year weed fallow (dominated by Chromolaena odorata or Asystasia gangetica) or a 10-week flooding; iii) R. similis did not persist after fallowing or flooding. All nematode species were found in plots treated with 1,3-dichloropropene and that had been planted with bullheads, suckers or nematode-free micropropagated plants. After both fallow and flooding, R. similis was reintroduced on infested planting materials (bullheads and suckers) even when they were pre-treated with a nematicide. When fallow and flooded plots were planted with nematode-free materials (vitro-plants), R. similis did not appear in the roots for two vegetative cycles. The other species, still present in the soil, invaded the roots and increased slowly in numbers. These results were confirmed in commercial banana plantations.