嗜热四膜虫可变剪接基因鉴定及功能分析

可变剪接是产生蛋白质组多样性和调节基因表达的重要机制,相关研究在高等真核生物中开展较多,而在单细胞真核生物中则较少,尤其是单细胞原生动物纤毛虫中,仅有少量报道。本文基于单细胞模式原生动物嗜热四膜虫种大量转录组数据,对其可变剪接基因进行了鉴定及分析。在嗜热四膜虫中共鉴定到2 894个可变剪接位点,涉及到2 698个可变剪接基因,可分为四类。考虑到转录本拼接的准确性,选择了其中464个与基因组预测模型完全一致的可变剪接基因进行深入分析,其中生长(growth)时期、饥饿(starvation)时期、接合生殖(conjugation)时期特异性的可变剪接基因分别为49个、79个和135个。对可变剪接基因的功能进行分析表明其涉及的功能广泛且显著富集于蛋白激酶过程,提示可变剪接基因在嗜热四膜虫蛋白磷酸化和信号传导中具有重要作用。     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的条件优化

研究采用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的培养条件。应用Plackett—Burman试验筛选出重要影响因子：五倍子粉含量、（NH4）2SO4浓度以及接种孢子量,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域。应用Box．Behnken响应面试验对重要影响因子进一步优化。得到最佳培养条件：每250mL三角瓶中装入1．0g五倍子粉、4．4g稻壳和0．5g麸皮、液固比（mL／g）2：1且营养盐溶液组成为（NH4）2s0421g/L、MgSO4·7H2O1g／L、NaCl1g／L,培养基pH自然,接种5．7×10^7个孢子后在30℃温度下培养4d。在此条件下,单宁酶产量从40U／g提高到114U／g,3次重复验证性试验平均值为115U／g,验证了模型的可靠性。     

Mechanisms for the apoptosis of small cell lung cancer cells induced by anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies: roles of anoikis

Anti-GD2 ganglioside antibodies could be a promising, novel therapeutic approach to the eradication of human small cell lung cancers, as anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) induced apoptosis of small cell lung cancer cells in culture. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms for the apoptosis of these cells by anti-GD2 mAbs and elucidated the mechanisms by which apoptosis signals were transduced via reduction in the phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the activation of a MAPK family member, p38, upon the antibody binding. Knock down of FAK resulted in apoptosis and p38 activation. The inhibition of p38 activity blocked antibody-induced apoptosis, indicating that p38 is involved in this process. Immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting analysis of immune precipitates with anti-FAK or anti-integrin antibodies using an anti-GD2 mAb revealed that GD2 could be precipitated with integrin and/or FAK. These results suggested that GD2, integrin, and FAK form a huge molecular complex across the plasma membrane. Taken together with the fact that GD2+ cells showed marked detachment from the plate during apoptosis, GD2+ small cell lung cancer cells seemed to undergo anoikis through the conformational changes of integrin molecules and subsequent FAK dephosphorylation.     

一种简单有效的克隆未知旁侧DNA片段的方法

操作含长插入片段的DNA克隆时 ,经常需要进行亚克隆和测序实验。通常的方法首先是得到插入片段的限制性内切酶谱 ,然后选择合适的内切酶消化DNA ,分离靶片段 ,将其连接入质粒载体中进行下一步操作。但这种方法工作量大 ,步骤繁琐。在此 ,介绍一种不需要做限制性内切酶谱分析 ,而根据靶片段的旁侧序列直接进行亚克隆实验的方法。首先 ,选择合适的限制性内切酶消化含长插入片段的DNA克隆 ,其中一种酶切在已知的旁侧序列上 ,另一为随机选择 ;然后酶切混合物与线性化的质粒载体连接 ,转化细菌得到一“亚克隆库” ;将其中的克隆挑选入 96孔板培养后 ,按行或列混合菌液得到相应的“pool” ;最后 ,用PCR方法筛选获得含靶DNA片段的阳性克隆 ,其中所用的引物一个与已知的旁侧DNA序列配对 ,另一个与质粒载体上序列配对 ,PCR扩增已知的旁侧DNA片段以鉴定阳性克隆。多次独立实验表明该方法简单有效 ,可广泛用于亚克隆和DNA步移实验     

水产废弃物胶原蛋白的提取

以水产废弃物为原料,利用酶法提取有价值的胶原蛋白。以胃蛋白酶为胶原蛋白提取用酶,鱼鳍和鱼鳞作为提取的原料,提取工艺为原料粉碎、脱钙、提取、纯化。鱼鳞和鱼鳍的胶原蛋白提取率分别达8．1％和6．6％。该方法对提高水产废弃物的综合利用具有重要的意义。     

Prolonged renal allograft survival by donor interleukin-6 deficiency: association with decreased alloantibodies and increased intragraft T regulatory cells

Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in renal allograft rejection. Interleukin (IL)-6 is a regulatory cytokine for both B and Foxp3 (forkhead box P3)-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells. This study was designed to investigate the impact of donor IL-6 production on renal allograft survival. Donor kidneys from IL-6 knockout (KO) vs. wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (H-2(b)) were orthotopically transplanted to nephrotomized BALB/c mice (H-2(d)). Alloantibodies and Treg cells were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Graft survival was determined by the time to graft failure. Here, we showed that a deficiency in IL-6 expression in donor kidneys significantly prolonged renal allograft survival compared with WT controls. IL-6 protein was upregulated in renal tubules and endothelium of renal allografts following rejection, which correlated with an increase in serum IL-6 compared with that in those receiving KO grafts or naive controls. The absence of graft-producing IL-6 or lower levels of serum IL-6 in the recipients receiving IL-6 KO allografts was associated with decreased circulating anti-graft alloantibodies and increased the percentage of intragraft CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells compared with those with WT allografts. In conclusion, the lack of graft-producing IL-6 significantly prolongs renal allograft survival, which is associated with reduced alloantibody production and/or increased intragraft Treg cell population, implying that targeting donor IL-6 may effectively prevent both humoral and cellular rejection of kidney transplants.     

海南主要林业有害生物风险评估信息系统的开发

近年来,海南林业有害生物危害变化加剧。为了系统掌握海南省主要林业有害生物的危害程度和扩散范围,构建海南省主要林业有害生物风险评估信息系统,本文基于阿里云的在线ECS服务,利用PHP+MySQL技术进行系统开发,同时基于Nginx,进行系统动态部署,实现了系统的前台浏览查询,后台动态对系统维护和风险系数计算发布等功能。系统在"全国林业检疫性有害生物名单"、"全国林业危险性有害生物名单"的基础上,根据近年来海南省林业有害生物发生危害情况普查成果,补充了海南主要林业有害生物名单,建立了各有害生物的信息数据库和风险分析数据库,包括海南省主要林业有害生物的分布与管理现状、扩散蔓延可能性分析(寄主植物及其分布、适生性分析和传播渠道)、天敌分布及制约能力和对经济和非经济方面影响、检疫和监测、定量评估等方面。系统为海南省主要林业有害生物监测预警和危害等级的确定提供了科学依据。     

南昌市空气PM2.5和PM10的时空动态及其影响因素

PM_2.5和PM₁₀已成为我国大部分城市空气的首要污染物.本文通过分析南昌市2013—2015年的空气PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度、气象因素、交通流量的监测数据,探讨了空气颗粒物污染的时空动态规律以及气象、交通对颗粒物浓度变化的影响.结果表明: 2013、2014、2015年,南昌市PM_2.5浓度(70.92 μg·m^-3＞53.70 μg·m^-3＞43.65 μg·m^-3)、PM₁₀浓度(119.72 μg·m^-3＞86.11 μg·m^-3＞73.32 μg·m^-3)逐年降低,并呈现出夏季低(PM_2.5和PM₁₀平均浓度分别为36.74、69.20 μg·m^-3)、冬季高(PM_2.5和PM₁₀平均浓度分别为74.29、111.64 μg·m^-3)的季节动态和由城市中心向郊区递减的城乡梯度变化; PM_2.5/PM₁₀值(0.595＞0.584＞0.557)逐年降低,并且表现出城市中心高、城市边缘低的空间分布格局;PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度受到多种气象因素的影响,与气压、温度、相对湿度、风速、降水量、日照时数显著相关,各种气象因子对PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度的影响存在差异;车流量会显著提高周边PM_2.5浓度,但对PM₁₀浓度影响不明显.     

氯喹对戊四氮致痫大鼠皮质和海马白细胞介素1β及肿瘤坏死因子α表达的影响

目的观察氯喹对戊四氮致痫大鼠皮质和海马白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响,探讨其在癫痫发生发展过程中的作用.方法 48只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(12只)、戊四氮(PTZ)致痫组(18只,60mg/kg,i.p.)和氯喹干预组(18只,氯喹0.61mg/kg,i.c.v.,2h后注射PTZ).每组确定6个时间点:1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h.观察大鼠行为表现,记录脑电改变,用免疫组化检测皮质和海马IL-1β和TNF-α表达的变化.结果对照组无痫样发作和痫样放电,戊四氮致痫组痫样发作重(Ⅲ-Ⅴ级),氯喹干预组轻(Ⅰ-Ⅲ级)(P<0.05);脑电记录显示戊四氮致痫组呈频发高幅的痫样波,氯喹干预组痫样波幅低且缓;LI-1β和TNF-α在戊四氮致痫组皮质和海马表达强,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),氯喹干预组与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论氯喹可能通过对IL-1β和TNF-α表达的抑制减轻戊四氮致痫大鼠的痫样放电和痫样发作程度.这些结果提示,氯喹在防治癫痫方面可能是理想的抗痫剂.     

Five New Guaiane Sesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647 of Azadirachta indica

Five new guaiane sesquiterpenes, 1 – 5 , were isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647, isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss . The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and their inhibitory activities against five pathogenic fungi were evaluated. All guaiane sesquiterpenes showed moderate or weak antifungal activities in a broth microdilution assay.