现代荧光免疫分析技术应用及其新发展

免疫分析作为一类特殊的试剂分析技术,已经被广泛应用于多个不同领域。作为免疫分析方法家族中的一员,现代荧光免疫分析技术在相关领域里也扮演了重要角色。现代荧光免疫分析技术主要包括荧光偏振免疫分析(FPIA)和时间分辩荧光免疫分析(TRFIA)两种技术。本文从原理角度出发,综述了FPIA和TRFIA近年来在分析领域中的应用,并且阐述了二者的一些最新发展动态。     

小儿罕见真菌感染的临床报道

目的 探讨念珠菌病的新类型和新条件下小儿真菌感染的临床表现和致病菌。方法 回顾性收集1975～2005年的临床资料44例,进行体外毛发感染试验、电镜观察、动物试验,流式细胞（FCM）、随机括增多态性DNA（RAPD）以及DNA基因序列检测等。结果 ①累计发现44例婴儿头部念珠菌病,其中病期长者可感染头发。②粉末毕赤酵母可致婴儿皮肤感染。③一种罕见的林生地霉可致脓癣样地霉病。结论 我们发现的婴儿头部念珠菌病,慢性皮肤、黏膜念珠菌病伴皮肤粉末毕赤酵母感染和罕见的林生地霉引起儿童脓癣样地霉病,均为文献率先报道,对防治和降低念珠菌病和其他酵母样真菌感染患者的死亡率有一定意义。     

低温弱光胁迫及恢复对切花菊光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以切花菊品种‘神马’为试材,在偏低温弱光(16℃/12℃,PFD100μmol.m-2.s-1)和临界低温弱光(12℃/8℃,PFD60μmol.m-2.s-1)下分别胁迫11d,然后转入正常条件(22℃/18℃,PFD450μmol.m-2.s-1)恢复11d,研究不同低温弱光强度及恢复对菊花光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:低温弱光导致菊花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和气孔限制值(Ls)下降,而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)上升.偏低温弱光胁迫下菊花叶片暗适应下最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和初始荧光(Fo)无明显变化,但光适应下最大光化学效率(Fv′/Fm′)在处理前期略有下降,后期则有所回升;而临界低温弱光处理的Fo明显升高,Fv/Fm和Fv′/Fm′显著降低.PSⅡ光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)均随着低温弱光胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长而降低;偏低温弱光处理植株在解除胁迫后能迅速恢复到对照水平,而临界低温弱光处理植株回升速度较慢;同时,低温弱光胁迫下吸收光强用于分配光化学反应部分(Prate)的比例减少,而天线热耗散(Drate)和反应中心的能量耗散(Ex)比例上升,但天线热耗散为过剩光能的主要分配途径.     

N-CWS灌胃对小鼠移植性肿瘤及免疫功能的影响

为了考察红色诺卡氏菌细胞壁骨架(Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton,N-CWS)灌胃给药对小鼠的体内抑瘤效应及其免疫调节作用,采用小鼠肉瘤S_(180)的移植性肿瘤模型,检测N-CWS灌胃给药的抑瘤活性;同时观察N-CWS体内细胞毒作用和对正常小鼠的毒性、免疫器官重量、巨噬细胞(MΦ)吞噬功能及脾淋巴细胞转化的影响.结果显示,小鼠灌服N-CWS的LD_(50)＞1.2 g/kg;N-CWS 200、400、800 mg/kg剂量灌胃小鼠对S_(180)有明显的抑制作用,其抑瘤率分别为63.33%、71.11%、64.88%;与对照组比较,N-CWS可增加免疫器官重量和提升外周血白细胞数量、能明显提高小鼠MΦ的吞噬活性及显著提高淋巴细胞转化率(P＜0.05),同时N-CWS激活了的MΦ对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒效应亦明显增强(P＜0.05).因此N-CWS适用于口服给药,对小鼠移植性肿瘤有明显的抑制作用,其抗肿瘤作用可能与增强机体免疫功能有关.     

见血封喉乳汁中具有细胞毒活性的强心苷

从见血封喉(Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch.)乳汁分离得到4个强心苷类化合物,经波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为：毒毛旋花子爪哇糖苷(1)、铃兰毒苷(2)、毒毛旋花子阿洛糖苷(3)和glucostrophanthidin (4)。化合物4为首次从见血封喉中分离得到。细胞毒活性测定结果表明,化合物1~4对慢性髓原白血病细胞(K562)、人胃癌细胞(SGC-7901)和人肝癌细胞(SMMC-7721)的增殖均显示了较强的生长抑制活性。     

海南国产沉香的化学成分研究

从国产沉香(Aquilaria sinensis)的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,经波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为3,3'-(3-hydroxypropane-1,2-diyl)diphenol(1)、guaiacy lacetone(2)、6-羟基-2-(4'-羟基-2-苯乙基)色酮(3)、6-羟基-2-(2-羟基-2-苯乙基)色酮(4)、6-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(5)和5α,6β,7α,8β-四羟基-2-(4'-甲氧基-2-苯乙基)-5,6,7,8-四氢色酮(6)。其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物3为首次从国产沉香中分离得到。     

高产生物表面活性剂菌株的紫外诱变选育

从新疆塔里木河边的土壤中筛选出1株产表面活性剂的菌株BIT-TLM1,该菌在以葡萄糖为碳源的无机盐培养基中,在150 r/min、40℃的条件下培养20 h,发酵液的表、界面张力分别降至29.29和0.61 mN/m。以菌株BIT-TLM1为原始菌株,对该菌进行紫外线诱变,选育出1株高产表面活性剂的诱变菌株UV-10,其产生表面活性剂的量达到0.309 7 g/g菌体,比原始菌株提高了9.22%,UV-10有较好的遗传稳定性,UV-10产表面活性剂的最佳培养条件:碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为NH4Cl、pH8.0和2%的盐度。     

嗜热菌在纤维素乙醇中的研究进展及应用前景

利用纤维素生产乙醇的研究中,传统的中温微生物在基质范围、酶活性及热稳定性等方面存在不足,难以满足工业需求.嗜热菌具有独特的降解纤维素、半纤维素和生产乙醇的耐高温酶系和代谢途径,不但热稳定性高、而且底物范围广泛,在生物质能学领域有重要的研究价值和应用潜力.综述了在纤维素乙醇研究中具有潜力的嗜热菌的种类、特性、代谢机理和研究进展,并对嗜热菌的应用前景进行了分析与展望.     

Identification of Related QTLs at Late Developmental Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Two Nitrogen Levels

QTL underlying related traits at the late developmental stage under two different nitrogen levels were investigated in rice using a population of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) derived from a cross between Teqing and Lemont. A total of 31 QTLs referring 5 traits, that is, plant height (PH), panicle number per plant (PN), chlorophyll content (CC), shoot dry weight (SDW) and grain yield per plant (YD), were detected. Under normal N level, 3 QTLs were detected for each trait, while under low N level, 5,4, 5 and 2 QTLs were detected for PH, PN, CC and SDW respectively. Most of the QTLs were located on chromosome 2, 3, 7, 11 and 12. QTLs controlling different traits or the same trait under different N levels were mapped on the same or adjacent intervals, forming several clusters in rice chromosomes. More than two traits were controlled by QTLs on one of four intervals (RM30-RM439, RM18-RM478, RM309-RM270, and RM235-RM17), suggesting that there were some pleiotropic effects. It was supposed that some QTLs only detected at low N level might be associated with the ability to tolerate the low N stress in rice.     

Genetic Analysis for F1 Yield Traits with Conditional Approach in Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

A genetic model with additive, dominance and genotype × environment interaction effect was employed to analyze the 3-year data of F₁ hybrids from 5 × 4 diallel cross, whose parents were Island cotton and had different fruit branch types. Unconditional and conditional genetic variances were conducted for analyze genetic impacts of yield components on yield. Results of unconditional genetic variances showed that there were no additive variance of total lint yield. But conditional additive effects of total lint yield, when excluding the phenotype of boll weight, boll number at prefrost, boll number at postfrost, and lint yield at prefrost, indicated that improving the additive effects of the total lint yield was still possible. Crossing and selecting component traits with high contributive additive effects could obtain good offsprings. Yield components contributed large dominance effects to the heterosis of lint yield at prefrost and total lint yield in crosses. Yield component traits were controlled with each other. The traits having positive contributive effects could be applied to further improve target traits.