僵蚕药材酸溶性蛋白质的分离提取及鉴定

以Box-Behnken组合设计进行僵蚕药材酸法提取工艺的响应面优化,并对提取物中蛋白质进行定性定量分析。结果表明:酸法工艺获取僵蚕蛋白质的最佳条件为提取温度31. 8℃、提取时间3. 0 h、液料比49. 6∶1(V∶m)、醋酸钠缓冲液浓度0. 12 mol/L,此时蛋白质提取率为5. 34%。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)指纹图谱结果表明,僵蚕酸溶性蛋白质主要分布于26 390～31 570和59 130～81 790区间,其中31 570与27 870蛋白约占总蛋白的59. 9%,71 700与81 790蛋白约占总蛋白的24. 3%。傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR)结果表明,僵蚕酸溶性蛋白质具有特征性指纹图谱。上述结果有望用做僵蚕药材分子鉴定的依据,有助于僵蚕资源的开发利用。     

大鼠海马移植物内神经元与CA能纤维之间突触联系的研究

将胎龄为１７ｄ的大鼠胚胎海马（移植物）移植到同种成年大鼠（宿主）腹海马，９０ｄ后，用ＴＨ免疫细胞化学方法对海马移植物内神经元与儿茶酚胺（ｃａｔｅｃｈｏｌａｍｉｎｅ ＣＡ）能纤维之间的突触联系进行上观察。免疫组织化学显示，宿主海马内有大量ＴＨ免疫反应纤维。这些纤维是直径为０．５－１μｍ的细纤维。它们的分布密度是，齿回门区和ＣＡ３区透明层内较密集，分子层次之，锥体细胞层和颗粒细胞层内较稀疏。在移植物的     

C1 metabolism and the Calvin cycle function simultaneously and independently during HCHO metabolism and detoxification in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with HCHO solutions

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is suggested to be detoxified through one‐carbon (C1) metabolism or assimilated by the Calvin cycle in plants. To further understand the function of the Calvin cycle and C1 metabolism in HCHO metabolism in plants, HCHO elimination and metabolism by Arabidopsis thaliana in HCHO solutions was investigated in this study. Results verified that Arabidopsis could completely eliminate aqueous HCHO from the HCHO solutions. Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C‐NMR) analysis showed that H¹³CHO absorbed by Arabidopsis was first oxidized to H¹³COOH. Subsequently, a clear increase in [U‐¹³C]Gluc peaks accompanied by a strong enhancement in peaks of [2‐¹³C]Ser and [3‐¹³C]Ser appeared in Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with cyclosporin A or L‐carnitine, which might inhibit the transport of ¹³C‐enriched compounds into chloroplasts and mitochondria, caused a remarkable decline in yields of both [U‐¹³C]Gluc and [3‐¹³C]Ser in H¹³CHO‐treated Arabidopsis. These results suggested that both the Calvin cycle and the C1 metabolism functioned simultaneously during HCHO detoxification. Moreover, both functioned more quickly under high H¹³CHO stress than low H¹³CHO stress. When a photorespiration mutant was treated in 6 mm H¹³CHO solution, formation of [U‐¹³C]Gluc and [2‐¹³C]Ser was completely inhibited, but generation of [3‐¹³C]Ser was not significantly affected. This evidence suggested that the Calvin cycle and C1 metabolism functioned independently in Arabidopsis during HCHO metabolism.     

肠道菌群稳态与结直肠癌研究进展

结直肠癌是一种涉及遗传、环境和生活方式等多风险因素的疾病。越来越多的研究表明肠道菌群在结直肠癌的发生发展中起重要作用,菌群与消化道之间的共生作用对维持肠道内环境的稳定也十分重要。菌群在炎症、药物代谢,甚至癌症的发展中扮演着许多角色,然而由感染、饮食或生活方式等变化引起的菌群组成的改变却可影响这种共生关系。同样,菌群组成的变化使部分菌种在肠内引发炎症反应甚至致癌,从而对结肠直肠癌的发生发展产生实质性的影响,综述将总结目前肠道菌群与结直肠癌之间潜在的联系,重点关注细菌在肠道中所参与的各种反应,从而为治疗结直肠癌提供更多的研究思路。     

New fossils from China elucidating the phylogeny of Praesiricidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera)

A new subfamily of Praesiricidae (Pamphilioidea), Decorisiricinae subfam.n. , is erected based on three new genera: Decorisiricius gen.n. , Limbisiricius gen.n. and Brevisiricius gen.n. Two new species – Decorisiricius patulus gen. et sp.n. and D. longus sp.n. – from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation and three species –Limbisiricius aequalis gen. et sp.n. , Limbisiricius complanatus sp.n. and Brevisiricius partialis gen. et sp.n. – from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation, are described. Based on these well‐preserved new fossil specimens and previously published data, the nonmonophyly of Praesiricidae is confirmed and the phylogenetic relationships of species of Praesiricidae are analysed for the first time. Two main clades within Praesiricidae are recognized from the cladistic analysis: Decorisiricinae subfam.n. forms a monophyletic lineage, with the remaining members of Praesiricidae plus Megalodontes (Megalodontesidae) forming its sister group. The two subfamilies Archoxyelydinae and Praesiricinae are discarded with no strong supported synapomorphic characters based on phylogenetic research. A key to all genera of Praesiricidae is provided. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:38D703ED‐127A‐4DB0‐8153‐8D78AF4AC212 .     

Application of r/K selection to macroinvertebrate responses to extreme floods

1. Due to climate change, contemporary climate scenarios forecast an increase in extreme weather, which may have considerable impacts on the world's riverine ecosystems. Because the flow regime is a primary determinant of the structure and function of lotic ecosystems, changes in the weather could fundamentally alter these ecosystems through changes in hydrologic disturbance regimes. 2. In this paper, we use the abundance/biomass comparison (ABC) method, based on r/K selection theory, and event probability distribution to characterise the responses of macroinvertebrates in Taiwan mountain streams to extreme floods. 3. Severe impacts on macroinvertebrates, resulting in a large shift in community structure toward r‐selected taxa, usually were observed the year after extreme floods. 4. Macroinvertebrate communities dominated by K‐selected taxa had more individuals with traits conferring resistance to flooding disturbance, while those dominated byr‐selected taxa had more individuals with traits conferring resilience. 5. This relationship between the changes in flow regime and the ecological response of r‐ and K‐selected taxa may be exploited to understand the potential effects of flood extremes in the future, and to keep decision makers informed about the ecological consequences of climate‐mediated changes to hydrological regimes.     

学习记忆对脑内c-fos基因表达的影响

学习记忆是人和动物重要的脑功能，大量事实表明，学习记忆过程与脑内ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因的表达密切相关。由学习记忆所诱导的ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因表达在脑内广泛分布，以皮层、海马和边缘系统为多，依学习记忆训练模型的不同，其表达时程有所差异，但一般于训练后立即或３０分钟左右出现，１～２小时左右达峰值。被动和主动回避训练、光辨别训练及味觉厌恶性条件反射训练等多种学习记忆模型均可诱导脑内ｃ－ｆｏｓ基因的表达。其他影响学习记     

Transgenic mice overexpressingγ-aminobutyric acid transporter subtypeⅠ develop obesity

INTRODUCTION7-aminobutyricacid(GABA)isthemajorinhibitoryneurotransmitterinthevertebratecelltralnervoussystemwhereitactingesavaxietyofGABAreceptortypes.TheneurotransmissionofGABAisthoughttobeterllilnatedbyit'srapidre-uptakeviaGABAtransportersintopresynapticneuronsandsurroundingglialcellsll,2].BesidesfUnctioningintheterminationofsynaptictransmission,GABAtransportersplayacriticalroleintheregUlationofthemagnitudeanddurationofGABA'sactionandmayajsomediatethereleaseofGABAintotheedrac…