常绿臭椿的酚类成分研究

从常绿臭椿(AilanthusfordiiNooteboom)枝条乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离得到了5个酚类成分和胡萝卜苷。经波谱分析确定其结构分别为:槲皮苷(1),杨梅苷(2),阿福豆苷(3),( )-没食子儿茶素(4),3-氯-4-羟基-苯甲酸(5),胡萝卜苷(6)。其中化合物1-5为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

马尾松幼苗根系和光合碳供应对土壤性质变化和温室气体排放的驱动作用

森林植被受全球气候变化、森林经营活动及病虫害等多种干扰,导致林地光合碳供应水平及根系输入量发生变化。在此背景下,土壤性质及土壤温室气体排放的响应及其机理是预测森林碳汇功能变化及森林可持续经营的重要依据。以2年生马尾松盆栽苗为对象,通过单株/盆和3株/盆栽植密度控制根系输入量、通过环割和截干控制光合碳向地下的供应能力,模拟森林植被干扰导致的根系输入量及光合碳供应变化对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,苗木根系非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)含量和氮含量比单株/盆低;3株/盆的土壤速效氮含量比单株/盆低,土壤革兰氏阳性菌、厌氧菌、放线菌及丛枝菌根真菌丰富度均比单株/盆显著增加,3株/盆的土壤二氧化碳(CO₂)排放速率较高,但土壤氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放速率差异不显著。无论是单株/盆还是3株/盆,环割和截干处理后,根系生物量、根系长度及表面积均比对照显著下降;根系TNC含量显著下降。土壤和根系氮含量都有增加趋势;土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)含量降低,而土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)则提高。环割和截干后,土壤中各种微生物组成丰富度均有下降趋势,土壤CO₂排放速率显著下降,土壤N₂O排放速率则显著提高。根系输入量及光合碳供应对土壤细菌和真菌含量均有显著影响,土壤细菌含量与根系生物量、SMBC和SMBN显著正相关;土壤真菌含量与土壤温度显著负相关,与根系生物量、SMBC和SMBN显著正相关。相关分析表明,土壤CO₂排放通量与土壤温度、土壤湿度及根系生物量显著正相关,与土壤硝态氮显著负相关;土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度和土壤湿度显著正相关。以上研究表明,根系输入量与地上光合碳供应共同作用,改变土壤理化性质及微生物环境,进而影响土壤温室气体排放。     

中药对欧鳗实验性肝病保护作用的超微结构观察

目的探讨由丹参、五味子及甘草组成的中药煎剂对实验性肝病欧鳗肝组织超微结构的影响。方法将健康组欧鳗养于清水中,三个处理组先暴露于0.12 mg/L Cu2 溶液4 d,后4 d其中一组作为肝病未治疗组不予治疗,其余两组为肝病中药治疗组,即中药煎剂治疗低剂量组(200 mg/L)和中药煎剂治疗高剂量组(400 mg/L),实验结束时,剖检并取肝脏样本,进行电镜观察。结果与健康组相比,肝病未治疗组欧鳗肝细胞线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂、减少或结构模糊,有的消失呈空泡状;粗面内质网扩张、脱粒或出现扭曲现象;滑面内质网增生、扩张呈囊泡化;池内隔离体增多,自噬体及空泡多见;部分肝细胞核皱缩,染色质边集。各治疗实验组与肝病未治疗组相比,肝组织超微结构修复非常显著。结论研究表明该中药煎剂可显著促进铜离子中毒致肝损伤欧鳗病变肝细胞结构的修复,具有良好的抗肝损伤及修复肝损伤作用。     

GA3和变温层积对天女木兰种子萌发及内源激素的影响

用不同质量浓度GA3浸泡天女木兰种子并结合变温层积处理,应用高效液相色谱法对不同时期种子中4种激素GA3、IAA、ABA、ZR含量进行测定,并测量种胚长和萌发率,以探讨天女木兰种胚发育,内源激素含量变化与种子休眠萌发之间的调控关系,为进一步研究种子休眠机理提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)天女木兰成熟种子胚发育不完全,胚乳内高浓度ABA和低浓度GA3是其休眠的主要原因。(2)GA3处理能促使天女木兰种子提前30d完成形态后熟,并以1 500mg·L-1 GA3处理效果最佳。(3)在变温层积过程,天女木兰种胚发育可分三个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(0~70d)完成种胚进一步分化;阶段Ⅱ(70~120d)种胚快速生长时期;阶段Ⅲ(120~150d)休眠完全解除,种子具备发芽能力。种子能否打破休眠主要取决于阶段Ⅰ和Ⅱ的状况。(4)GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA在种子后熟期间的变化同胚生长发育存在一致性,认为内源激素的相对水平对种子休眠具有重要的调控作用。     

四氯化碳中毒对大鼠离体再生肝细胞钾离子外漏的影响

本工作用三种剂量四氯化碳(CCl_4,10,15和20mmol/L)损伤正常大鼠离体肝细胞,分别在5,10,15和20min测定细胞内K~+和GPT漏出量。实验观察到细胞内K~+和GPT漏出量与CCl_4染毒的剂量和时间有明显关系,而且K~+漏出量较GPT更能灵敏地反映细胞的损伤程度;用中等剂量CCl_4(15mmol/L)损伤离体再生肝细胞20min后,细胞内K~+漏出的变化百分数明显低于正常肝细胞。这些结果表明,大鼠离体再生肝细胞具有较强的抗CCl_4损伤作用,其机制可能与再生肝细胞膜稳定性较强有关。     

长江口岛屿沙洲湿地陆向发育过程中表层沉积物氮营养盐的变化

研究针对长江口岛屿沙洲湿地陆向发育的不同时期表层沉积物中氮营养盐的变化规律,得出：（1）长江口岛屿沙洲湿地陆向发育过程中,表层沉积物环境也在不断变化,氮营养盐含量逐步增加,处在陆向发育前期的白茆沙,全氮含量较低,仅为30 mg/kg,而发育较为成熟的崇明东滩全氮含量较高,达470 mg/kg;同时随着岛屿沙洲湿地陆向发育,表层沉积物全氮分布越来越不均匀;（2）长江口岛屿沙洲湿地随高程梯度,全氮的含量逐步增加,其中芦苇带最高,420 mg/kg,光滩最低,110 mg/kg;这也说明岛屿沙洲陆向发育过程中,表层沉积物全氮含量逐步增加;另外,各形态无机氮含量占其所在高程无机氮的比例相对稳定,其中氨氮最高,59%～60%,亚硝酸盐最低,17%～19%,氨氮是无机氮的主要存在形式.     

一种农杆菌介导的赤霉菌CCRC3.572的转化方法

目的:建立农杆菌Ti质粒介导的转化赤霉菌的新方法。方法:以农杆菌Ti质粒pCAMBIA0390为基础,构建带有潮霉素抗性基因表达盒的双元载体,并用农杆菌介导的方法转化赤霉菌。结果:构建了双元载体pCAMBIA0390-hph(PgpdA),并获得了具有潮霉素抗性的赤霉菌转化子。结论:农杆菌介导的方法适于赤霉菌的转化,为赤霉菌的遗传研究提供了一种新的手段。     

峨眉双蝴蝶组织培养与快速繁殖(简报)

峨眉双蝴蝶植株带芽茎段的最佳芽诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA 1.5mg／L;在1／2MS＋IBA 1.0培养基上可诱导出根,生根率96％以上;生根苗经炼苗后移栽成活率在89％以上。     

Identification of Related QTLs at Late Developmental Stage in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under Two Nitrogen Levels

QTL underlying related traits at the late developmental stage under two different nitrogen levels were investigated in rice using a population of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) derived from a cross between Teqing and Lemont. A total of 31 QTLs referring 5 traits, that is, plant height (PH), panicle number per plant (PN), chlorophyll content (CC), shoot dry weight (SDW) and grain yield per plant (YD), were detected. Under normal N level, 3 QTLs were detected for each trait, while under low N level, 5,4, 5 and 2 QTLs were detected for PH, PN, CC and SDW respectively. Most of the QTLs were located on chromosome 2, 3, 7, 11 and 12. QTLs controlling different traits or the same trait under different N levels were mapped on the same or adjacent intervals, forming several clusters in rice chromosomes. More than two traits were controlled by QTLs on one of four intervals (RM30-RM439, RM18-RM478, RM309-RM270, and RM235-RM17), suggesting that there were some pleiotropic effects. It was supposed that some QTLs only detected at low N level might be associated with the ability to tolerate the low N stress in rice.     

Genetic Analysis for F1 Yield Traits with Conditional Approach in Island Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

A genetic model with additive, dominance and genotype × environment interaction effect was employed to analyze the 3-year data of F₁ hybrids from 5 × 4 diallel cross, whose parents were Island cotton and had different fruit branch types. Unconditional and conditional genetic variances were conducted for analyze genetic impacts of yield components on yield. Results of unconditional genetic variances showed that there were no additive variance of total lint yield. But conditional additive effects of total lint yield, when excluding the phenotype of boll weight, boll number at prefrost, boll number at postfrost, and lint yield at prefrost, indicated that improving the additive effects of the total lint yield was still possible. Crossing and selecting component traits with high contributive additive effects could obtain good offsprings. Yield components contributed large dominance effects to the heterosis of lint yield at prefrost and total lint yield in crosses. Yield component traits were controlled with each other. The traits having positive contributive effects could be applied to further improve target traits.