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Monoclonal antibodies specific for equine T lymphocyte subpopulations were produced and procedures for the continuous culture of equine lymphocytes were developed. These reagents and procedures were used to analyse the appearance, maturation and functions of T lymphocytes in normal horses and in T lymphocyte deficient horses with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). T lymphocytes appeared as early as the 75th day of fetal development and were normally distributed prior to birth of normal foals. Analysis of thymic T lymphocyte differentiation in SCID foals revealed the presence of both prothymocytes and mature thymocytes, but a virtual absence of cortical thymocytes. The data obtained support the hypothesis that two distinct pathways of T lymphocyte differentiation exist within the thymus. Although the gene defect in foals with SCID blocks the production of mature B and T lymphocytes, such foals do possess large granular lymphocytes which are cytotoxic following induction with interleukin 2. This suggests that lymphoid cells with natural killer cell activity are spared by the gene defect resulting in SCID in horses. 相似文献
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Levi HC Makala 《Journal of biomedical science》2012,19(1):5
Pathogen persistence in immune-competent hosts represents an immunological paradox. Increasing evidence suggests that some
pathogens, such as, Leishmania major (L. major) have evolved strategies and mechanisms that actively suppress host adaptive immunity. If this notion is correct conventional
vaccination therapies may be ineffective in enhancing host immunity, unless natural processes that suppress host immunity
are also targeted therapeutically. The key problem is that the basis of pathogen persistence in immune-competent individuals
is unknown, despite decades of intense research. This fact, coupled with poor health care and a dearth of effective treatments
means that these diseases will remain a scourge on humans unless a better understanding of why the immune system tolerates
such infections emerges from research. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been shown to act as a molecular switch regulating
host responses, and IDO inhibitor drugs shown to possess potential in enhancing host immunity to established leishmania infections.
It is hoped that this review will help stimulate and help generate critical new knowledge pertaining to the IDO mechanism
and how to exploit it to suppress T cell mediated immunity, thus offer an innovative approach to studying the basis of chronic
leishmania infection in mice. 相似文献