Simian Tumour Virus Proliferation in Inoculated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macaca mulatta</Emphasis>

AN oncorna-type virus (M-PMV) was detected in a spontaneous breast tumour of a female rhesus monkey^1,2. This virus is morphologically and biochemically similar to oncogenic RNA viruses of other species^3–5. Using in vitro tissue culture assays and electron microscopy we have observed proliferation of infectious virus in hyperplastic lymph nodes of M-PMV inoculated infant rhesus monkeys.     

Production of θ Antibody by Mice that Fail to Reject θ-Incompatible Skin Grafts

EVIDENCE that female mice failing to reject male skin grafts are nevertheless producing H-Y antibody indicates that graft survival in this case is not due to failure of the recipient to respond to graft antigens¹. Survival of skin grafts in recipients that are producing specific anti-graft antibody is known in another system: radiation chimaeras of constitution (C57BL × A)→A often fail to reject C57BL skin grafts² although they are producing Sk alloantibody³. Sk alloantigens are limited to epidermal cells and brain and so give rise to skin-selective homograft reactions by radiation chimaeras^2,3.     

Seed treatments with benomyl and other fungicides for the control of Ascochyta pisi on peas

In three experiments, using laboratory, glasshouse and field tests, seed dressings of benomyl-1½ (42.4 g) to 2 oz (56.6 g) Benlate 50% w.p. per 28 lb (12.7 kg) of seed-gave complete control of Ascochyta infection of pea seeds. Mixtures of benomyl and captan and benomyl and thiram were also effective. Carboxin, captan, and thiram used as seed dressings, either singly or in mixtures, did not eliminate the pathogen from peas. Germination, emergence and seedling vigour were not impaired by any dressing.     

PRESERVATION OF SOFT-BODIED ANIMALS IN PRECAMBRIAN SANDSTONES AT EDIACARA, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

With only two exceptions, this soft-bodied fauna can be grouped naturally into two categories, 'non-resistant' and 'resistant'. Non-resistant animals (mostly medusoids) collapsed or decayed before diagenesis had set the enclosing sediment; fossils occur in convex relief on the depositional bases of sandstone laminae. Resistant animals (most annelids, pennatulids, and unique groups) supported the covering sediment until it had set; fossils occur in negative relief on the bases of sedimentary laminae. Where there was little clay between adjacent quartzitic laminae, counterpart moulds or counterpart casts are also found on tops of underlying laminae.     

EFFECTS OF CULTURAL TREATMENTS ON WHEAT AND ON THE INCIDENCE OF EYESPOT, LODGING, TAKE-ALL AND WEEDS. Field Experiments 1945–8

An experiment was made on the fourth, fifth and sixth successive crops of winter wheat to determine the effects of various treatments on the troubles which result from close cereal cropping. Eyespot and lodging were prevalent in the first year (1946); weeds in the second; eyespot, lodging, take-all and weeds in the third.
Spraying with H₂SO₄ reduced the incidence of eyespot, lodging and weeds, and increased yield of grain on plots which received sulphate of ammonia (by 2.7, 2.2 and 10.0 cwt./acre in successive years).
Sulphate of ammonia increased the incidence at harvest of eyespot and lodging, reduced take-all and consistently increased yield of straw. Eyespot and lodging reduced the effect of the fertilizer on yield of grain, take-all increased it.
Increase in seed rate increased the incidence of severe eyespot and of take-all; it increased lodging except when plants were dwarfed by take-all.
Weight of straw and percentage straws with severe eyespot lesions independently affected lodging, together accounting for 51% of the variance in percentage area lodged at harvest and 64 % of that lodged 33 days earlier.
Mean yields of grain on untreated plots sown with 3.3 1/2 bushels seed/acre fell from 26.0 to 22.5 to 11.7 cwt./acre in successive years, whereas yields of 28.4, 29.9 and 29.1 cwt./acre were obtained on sprayed plots sown with 1 1/2.2 bushels seed/acre which received 4 cwt./acre sulphate of ammonia, showing that high yields were maintained when eyespot, lodging, take-all and weeds were controlled.
By 1948 yields of grain on unsprayed plots had fallen to the level of those on similarly manured plots on the continuous wheat experiment on Broadbalk field. Spraying increased grain by amounts similar to those resulting from one year's fallow on Broadbalk; but fallow had its greatest effects on plots with low nitrogen, spraying on those with high nitrogen.     

Effects of Nutrient Supply on Pre-emergence Growth and Nutrient Absorption in Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and Sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL.)

Nutrient absorption in wheat and sugarbeet was studied duringpre-emergence growth by adding 0, 7, 10.5 or 14 mol m^-3nitrogen(N) to the growth medium. Seedling growth and carbon, N and¹⁵Ncontents of the seedling parts were measured. Differences betweenthe natural abundance of¹⁵N in seeds and in nutrient solutionwere used to determine the proportion of N in the organs originatingfrom seed reserves and from absorption. Absorption began laterfor wheat than for sugarbeet and had less effect on seedlinggrowth. The absorbed N was found mainly in roots. Compared towheat, sugarbeet seedling N content was greatly altered andthe hypocotyl showed increased elongation when nutrients wereadded. Most of the absorbed N was found in the radicle and hypocotylwith less in the cotyledons. Sugarbeet seedling emergence andearly growth could be decreased by adverse conditions occurringafter sowing by affecting mineral availability in the soil orthrough altered root absorption.Copyright 1998 Annals of BotanyCompany Triticum aestivumL., wheat,Beta vulgarisL., emergence, natural isotopic composition, seedling, seed reserves     

Ontogenesis of internal secretory cells in leaves of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae)

Internal secretory cells may be morphologically indistinguishable from their neighbours except for the presence of secreted material, or they may differ to such an extent that could be classified as secretory idioblasts. Several authors have reported the presence of glandular trichomes secreting essential oil in Verbenaceae, including Lantana . However, none have reported internal secretory cells. Anatomical and histochemical methods applied to Lantana camara leaves revealed the occurrence of internal secretory cells whose ontogenesis and chemical nature are described in this paper. According to leaf developmental analysis, L. camara secretory cells originated from the ground meristem, started to differentiate in the third node leaves, and were actively secreting in the fourth node leaves. The content of the secretory cells was of a lipidic nature, and a terpenoid essence of their secretion was also identified. Based upon differences in size and shape from neighbouring cells and on detection of nonvolatile terpenes, they were confirmed as true internal secretory idioblasts.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 148 , 427–431.