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Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were grown in containers undera rain shelter for measurement of leaf water relations. Leafwater potentials ( 相似文献
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P. S. GREWAL W. R. MARTIN R. W. MILLER E. E. LEWIS 《Biocontrol Science and Technology》1997,7(3):393-400
We studied the influence of entomopathogenic nematodes , Steinernema carpocapsae and S. riobravis, on natural populations of plant - parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infesting turfgrass in Georgia and South Carolina . S. riobravis applied at 6 109 infective juveniles (IJs) / acre provided up to 95 - 100% control of the root - knot , Meloidogyne sp ., sting , Belonolaimus longicaudatus, and ring nematode , Criconemella sp ., in Georgia , but S. carpocapsae had no effect . S. riobravis was as effective as the chemical nematicide , Fenamiphos (Nemacur 10G) at 4 weeks after treatment and more effective at 8 weeks after treatment . In South Carolina , both S. riobravis and S. carpocapsae applied at 1 109 IJs / acre provided up to 86 - 100 % control of the root - knot , sting and ring nematodes . Application of 6 109 IJs / acre increased control by only 4 - 14 % over the 1 109 dosage . Possible causes of differences in efficacy of S. carpocapsae at the two sites are discussed . It is concluded that S. riobravis may provide effective , predictable and economical control of PPNs in turfgrass . 相似文献
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Several leafhopper variants of the Circulifer tenellus complex were collected in “citrus stubborn” affected areas in Israel. Two of these variants transmitted the Spiroplasma citri to Matthiola incana after being injected with the disease agent. The variant from Atriplex halimus was designated Circulifer tenellus-A (CTA) and the variant from Portulaca oleracea was designated Circulifer tenellus-? (CTP). Transmission characteristics were determined for both leafhoppers. A high rate of transmission (43.3%) was obtained by single CTA leafhoppers that were injected with the Amiad S. citri isolate from the Upper Galilee, compared with 7% transmission obtained with the CTP leafhoppers. The Gilgal S. citri isolate from the Jordan Valley, was not transmitted by either. Injection was more effective than acquisition access feeding to render the leafhopper infective for both CTA and CTP. The minimum acquisition access period needed for the CTA variant to transmit the Amiad isolate was 1 h. Longer AAPs did not necessarily result in a higher rate of transmission. The minimum incubation period was 6 days and the maximum was 32 days. The LP50 calculated from the logarithmic curve y = 45.74Ln(x)–53.68 was 9.64 days. The minimum inoculation access period (IAP) was lh. The same transmission parameters for the CTP variant could not be determined, as no transmission was obtained even when groups of five-six insects were placed on a single plant. 相似文献
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MAAS FRANK M.; DE KOK LUIT J.; PETERS JANNY L.; KUIPER PIETER J. C. 《Journal of experimental botany》1987,38(9):1459-1469
Maas, F. M., De Kok, L. J., Peters, J. L. and Kuiper, P. J.C. 1987. A comparative study on the effects of H2S and SO2 fumigationon the growth and accumulation of sulphate and sulphydryl compoundsin Trifolium pratense L., Glycine max Merr. and Phaseolus vulgarisL.J. exp. Bot. 38: 1459-1469. The effects of 025 mm3 dm3 H2S and SO2 on growth andsulphur content of shoots of Trifolium pratense, Glycine maxand Phaseolus vulgaris were studied. After 2 weeks of fumigationthe yield of T. pralense was reduced by 32% by H2S, but notaffected by SO2. Yield of G. max was not affected by H2S, butreduced by 20% by SO2, whereas that of P. vulgaris was increasedby 11% by H2S and not affected by SO2. Increases in sulphydrylcontent were already observed after 24 h of exposure to H2Sand SO2 in all plants. The increase was greatest in T. pratenseand smallest in P. vulgaris and, except for T. pratense, alwaysgreater in the H2S-exposed than the SO2-exposed plants. Oneday of exposure resulted in an increase in sulphate contentonly in the SO2-fumigated plants, with the highest accumulationin T. pratense and the lowest in P. vulgaris. After 2 weeksan increase in sulphate content was also observed in the H2S-exposedplants. This increase was also highest in T. pratense and lowestin P. vulgaris. Transpiration rate was not affected by a 24 h exposure to H2Sor SO2 and was highest in T. pratense, intermediate in G. maxand lowest in P. vulgaris. The order of theoretical rates of deposition of H2S and SO2correlated with the observed increases in sulphydryl contentduring the first 24 h of exposure in both H2S and SO2-fumigatedplants and with the increase in sulphate content in the SO2-exposedplants. The increases in sulphydryl content were only 8% ofthe theoretical H2S and SO2-deposition fluxes, whereas sulphateaccumulation accounted for at least 57% of the theoretical SO2-depositionflux. Key words: Air pollution, clover, French bean, Glutathione, Soybean, sulphur metabolism. 相似文献
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