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71.
CARLO COSTANTINI GABRIELLA GIBSON N' FALÉ SAGNON ALESSANDRA DELLA TORRE JOHN BRADY MARIO COLUZZI 《Medical and veterinary entomology》1996,10(3):220-227
Abstract. Mosquito responses to carbon dioxide were investigated in Noungou village, 30 km northeast of Ouagadougou in the Sudan savanna belt of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Species of primary interest were the main malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae S.S. and An.arabiensis, sibling species belonging to the An.gambiae complex. Data forAn.finestus, An.pharoensis, Culex quinquefasciatus and Mansonia uniformis were also analysed. Carbon dioxide was used at concentrations of 0.04-0.6% (cf. 0.03% ambient concentration) for attracting mosquitoes to odour-baited entry traps (OBETs). The ‘attractiveness’ of whole human odour was also compared with CO2, emitted at a rate equivalent to that released by the human bait. In a direct choice test with two OBETs placed side-by-side, the number of An.gambiae s. I. entering the trap with human odour was double the number trapped with CO2, alone (at the human equivalent rate), but there was no significant difference between OBETs for the other species of mosquitoes. When OBETs were positioned 20 m apart, again CO2, alone attracted half as many An.gambiae s.l. and only 40% Anlfunestus, 65% Ma.uniformis but twice as many An.pharoensis compared to the number trapped with human odour. The dose-response for all mosquito species was essentially similar: a linear increase in catch with increasing dose on a log-log scale. The slopes of the dose-response curves were not significantly different between species, although there were significant differences in the relative numbers caught. If the dose-response data are considered in relation to a standard human bait collection (HBC), however, the behaviour of each species was quite different. At one extreme, even the highest dose of CO2, did not catch more An.gambiae s.1. than one HBC. At the other extreme, the three highest doses of CO2, caught significantly more Ma.unifonnis than did one HBC. An.pharoensis and Cx quinquefasciatus showed a threshold response to CO2, responding only at doses above that normally released by one man. An.funestus did not respond to CO2, alone at any dose in sufficient numbers to assess the dose response. Within the An.gambiae complex, An.arabiensis 'chose' the CO2,-baited trap with a higher probability than An.gambiae S.S. Also An.arabiensis, the less anthropophilic of the two species, was more abundant in CO2,-baited OBETs than in human bait collections. 相似文献
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Abstract. Sera from 41 horses and 159 donkeys, from twelve States of México, were tested to ascertain anti-Gasterophilus circulating antibodies by double immunodiffusion (DD), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), indirect haemagglutination (IH), thin layer immunoassay (TIA) and diffusion-in-gel ELISA (DIG-ELISA) methods using crude somatic antigen from third instar larvae of G.intestinalis (DeGeer). At necropsy, 33/41 horses and 24/159 donkeys were found to be parasitized by G.intestinalis and/or G.nasalis (L.). Gasterophilus intestinalis was the species most commonly found in the equines. Analysis of the sera from the infested animals by DD showed positive results of 21.2% in horses and of 8% in donkeys. Screening the sera with CIE gave sensitivities of 69.7% in horses and of 32% in donkeys. Examination of the sera by IH showed positive results of 87.9% and of 48% in horses and donkeys, respectively. Testing the sera with TIA gave sensitivities of 93.9% in horses and of 96% in donkeys. Analysis of horses' sera by DIG-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 93.9%. 相似文献
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LUCIO BOTTE SILVIA SCIPPA MARIO DE VINCENTIIS 《Development, growth & differentiation》1979,21(5):483-491
The content of some transitional metals (Ti, V, Cr. Mn. Fe, Cu) in the ovary of Ascidia malaca and Ciona intestinalis and in the gonads of Polycarpa gracilis has been reported. The metals were localized histospectrographically and ultrastructurally. In the ovaries of C. intestinalis . the quantitative analysis shows a variable content of metals related to the ovary maturative cycle. The iron is localized in the electron dense cytoplasmic granules of A. malaca oocytcs and in the cytoplasmic dense formation of P. gracilis test cells. Cl, S, Si and P are present in the test, follicles and inierovarian cells of all examined species.
The results are discussed in relation to the zoological position of these species. The presence of metals and Ascidiacee phylogenesis might be correlated. 相似文献
The results are discussed in relation to the zoological position of these species. The presence of metals and Ascidiacee phylogenesis might be correlated. 相似文献