全文获取类型
收费全文 | 601篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 32篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 35篇 |
2009年 | 33篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 25篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 24篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 13篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有610条查询结果,搜索用时 453 毫秒
561.
Parental care in mammals is influenced by sensory stimuli from infants, and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. To determine the responsiveness to infant cues in nonreproductive adult male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with and without previous experience in caretaking, we exposed 12 males to newborn marmosets and assessed their cortisol plasma levels and behavioral response. Newborn marmosets housed in transparent enclosures were placed inside the cages of the adult male subjects. Males were exposed four times to two different experimental conditions: (a) newborn enclosures remained closed during the observation period and (b) newborn enclosures were opened during the observation period to allow direct social interaction by the adult males. Blood samples from adult males were collected after each behavioral observation trial to measure the levels of cortisol. The behavioral responses of adult males exposed to the closed and open newborn enclosures showed a significant difference only with respect to the frequency of displacements, where males moved among the quadrants of their own cages with greater frequency when the newborn enclosure was sealed. Experienced males approached newborn enclosures more frequently, spent more time in close proximity, and carried and recovered newborns more quickly than inexperienced males. The successive exposure to newborns increased the responsiveness in inexperienced males. The highest levels of plasma cortisol in adult males were recorded following periods of exposure to the sealed newborn enclosures. This suggests that successive exposure to newborns and previous alloparental caregiving experience while living in family groups influences the responsiveness of male marmosets to the sensory cues of newborns. Am. J. Primatol. 75:145‐152, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
562.
1. Urban environments are fragmented habitats characterised by the presence of physical barriers, which may negatively affect dispersal and colonisation by insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Conversely, plants growing along pavements may function as dispersal corridors, helping to moderate the harmful effects of resource patch isolation on organism movement and population persistence. 2. We experimentally tested the effects of walls as physical barriers to the dispersal of the leaf miner Liriomyza commelinae Frost and colonisation of its host plant, Commelina erecta L., in urban habitats. We also evaluated whether plants along pavements could act as corridors for this species. 3. We exposed experimental host plants to the leaf miner in houses with front gardens and back yards, the latter being completely surrounded by walls. The front gardens had walls but none separating them from the pavement. Previously mined plants were also exposed to parasitoids in the yards to determine parasitoid attack. 4. Liriomyza commelinae took longer to colonise back yards with higher walls, and the abundance of mined plants along pavements reduced the colonisation time. Leaf‐miner abundance was marginally affected by the yard type, and was lower in back yards. Cumulative parasitism rates decreased with increasing distance at which mined plants were placed from pavements. 5. Constructions act as physical barriers, having a negative impact on colonisation of host plants by leaf miners. The function of pavements as corridors seems to depend on the abundance of mined plants. Parasitism may be affected by distance from the corridor rather than physical barriers or other potential hosts. 相似文献
563.
Comparison of Coding and Spacer Region Sequences of Chromosomal rRNA-Coding Genes of Two Sequevars of Pneumocystis carinii 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MARIA ORTIZ-RIVERA YONG LIU REGINA FELDER MICHAEL J. LEIBOWITZ 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1995,42(1):44-49
Two distinct sequevars, denoted Pc1 and Pc2, of the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis carinii have been previously identified based on the sequence of their 26S rRNA genes, the location of group I self-splicing introns and pulsed field electrophoretic patterns of chromosomal DNA. This study shows that the sequences of 16S and 5.8S rRNA genes also vary between these sequevars, and that greater variation was seen in the internal transcribed spacer regions. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis can distinguish between these sequevars. 相似文献
564.
565.
MARIA EUGENIA VALDEZ RAMIREZ MARCEL LE PENNEC GERMAINE DORANGE NICOLE DEVAUCHELLE GUY NONNOTTE 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(1-3):73-78
Summary The possible relationship between certain oocyte and embryo characteristics and larvae viability was investigated with reference to the following aspects: (1) morphological—oocyte diameter and shape; (2) cytological—overall ultrastructure and membrane integrity; (3) biochemical—content of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; and (4) physiological—respiration. The rate of survival and incidence of abnormality were estimated 24 h after fertilization. The first results showed that 80–90% of oocytes were cytologically viable before fertilization. Eighty to 90% of oocytes are apparently viable before fertilization on the basis of staining with Trypan blue, but this parameter shows little correlation with larval viability. However, Trypan blue staining is of value in allowing the recognition of oocytes with damaged membranes. Respiration was measured for unfertilized oocytes 5 min after stripping, after 6 h, and for 3-h embryos. Positive correlations were found between the O2-consumption of embryos and both the rate of fertilization and the hatching rate of 24-h larvae. In contrast, no correlation was found between hatching parameters and the O2-consumption of unfertilized oocytes. These results suggest that embryos possess quality indicators, relating to metabolic characteristics, which can be quantified more easily than those of oocytes. 相似文献
566.
ERMIAS HABTE LUKAS M. MÜLLER MUNQEZ SHTAYA SETH J. DAVIS MARIA VON KORFF 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(6):1321-1337
The circadian clock is an important timing system that controls physiological responses to abiotic stresses in plants. However, there is little information on the effects of the clock on stress adaptation in important crops, like barley. In addition, we do not know how osmotic stress perceived at the roots affect the shoot circadian clock. Barley genotypes, carrying natural variation at the photoperiod response and clock genes Ppd‐H1 and HvELF3, were grown under control and osmotic stress conditions to record changes in the diurnal expression of clock and stress‐response genes and in physiological traits. Variation at HvELF3 affected the expression phase and shape of clock and stress‐response genes, while variation at Ppd‐H1 only affected the expression levels of stress genes. Osmotic stress up‐regulated expression of clock and stress‐response genes and advanced their expression peaks. Clock genes controlled the expression of stress‐response genes, but had minor effects on gas exchange and leaf transpiration. This study demonstrated that osmotic stress at the barley root altered clock gene expression in the shoot and acted as a spatial input signal into the clock. Unlike in Arabidopsis, barley primary assimilation was less controlled by the clock and more responsive to environmental perturbations, such as osmotic stress. 相似文献
567.
Aspects of the ecology of a suburban population of rainbow lizards, Agama agama Linnaeus 1758, have been studied in Malindi, a coastal locality of SE Kenya. Four different family groups were monitored on a wall transect 120 m long. Each group constituted a dominant male (i.e. a brightly coloured and aggressive individual) and three to four adult females, but in one of the studied groups a subordinate male was also seen. Both sexes were active in the morning, and peak activity fell between 10.00 and 11.30 hours. Dominant males used elevated perches significantly more often than subordinate males and females. The diet consisted of terrestrial arthropods, and most of the prey eaten were beetles (6–8 mm long). The foraging strategy used by rainbow lizards was to eat small insects at very short time intervals. The lizards used sit-and-wait foraging, remaining motionless until the prey was <5 cm away. The rainbow lizards studied did not feed upon plant material. 相似文献
568.
MARIA F. LIMA LISA A. BELTZ FELIPE KIERSZENBAUM 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1988,35(1):108-110
ABSTRACT. Among the known life cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi only the amastigote form bound lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein produced by neutrophils. This capacity was readily demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence in amastigotes derived from mice, a mammalian cell culture, or grown in an axenic medium. No LF binding was detectable on trypomastigotes from blood or mammalian cells, insect-derived metacyclics or epimastigotes, or on epimastigotes grown in Warren's medium. Serum levels of LF were increased in mice acutely infected with T. cruzi, and amastigotes from the spleens of these animals were found to have the glycoprotein on their surface. The amastigote LF receptor may have biological significance in parasite-host interaction since mononuclear phagocytes also express a LF receptor, and treatment of these cells with LF has been shown to increase their capacities to take up and kill T. cruzi amastigotes in vitro. The LF receptor is the first marker for T. cruzi amastigotes for which a naturally occurring ligand has been described. 相似文献
569.
The genus Perkinsiana (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) from Antarctica, with descriptions of the new species P. milae and P. borsibrunoi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Perkinsiana antarctica (Kinberg, 1867) and P. littoralis (Hartman, 1967) are redescribed from holo- and topotypes. Two new species, P. milae and P. borsibrunoi , are described from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) and compared with other species of the genus. Records of P. antarctica are numerous, but re-examination indicates that many of these represent misidentifications: the species may have a distribution limited to subantarctic areas. 相似文献
570.