全文获取类型
收费全文 | 520篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
529篇 |
出版年
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 27篇 |
2012年 | 17篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 29篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 26篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有529条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
ANDRÉS MELLADO DÍAZ MARIA LUISA SUÁREZ ALONSO MARIA ROSARIO VIDAL-ABARCA GUTIÉRREZ 《Freshwater Biology》2008,53(1):1-21
1. The relationships between biological traits of macroinvertebrates and environmental characteristics were investigated in streams with contrasting physical, chemical or landscape level attributes. We used an ordination technique, RLQ analysis, which links an environmental table (R) with traits table (Q) through an abundance table (L) to investigate the relationship between habitat characteristics and biological traits.
2. A major environmental axis explaining the distribution of species and their distinctive biological features was obtained. This axis included variables of anthropogenic pressure (agricultural and urban uses) and natural variability (climatic and geologic) that are strongly intercorrelated in the study area, with a clear spatial component.
3. The attributes of species from frequently disturbed systems (small size, multivoltinism, diapause, ovoviviparity, etc.) were associated with semi-arid areas whereas traits common in more stable and favourable environments (large body size, semi-voltinism, isolated eggs, etc.) were found in upland forested areas.
4. The natural climatic variation was proposed as a disturbance axis of a theoretical habitat templet (driven by the intense hydrological disturbances typical of semi-arid streams), while anthropogenic pressure (mainly intensive agriculture) and high salinity, a natural consequence of geology, was proposed as an adversity axis. Different life-histories associated with contrasting environmental features were superimposed in this habitat templet.
5. The ecological–evolutionary scenario in which stream macroinvertebrates have evolved and by which their communities are organized, is closely linked to disturbance, environmental harshness and human pressure. 相似文献
2. A major environmental axis explaining the distribution of species and their distinctive biological features was obtained. This axis included variables of anthropogenic pressure (agricultural and urban uses) and natural variability (climatic and geologic) that are strongly intercorrelated in the study area, with a clear spatial component.
3. The attributes of species from frequently disturbed systems (small size, multivoltinism, diapause, ovoviviparity, etc.) were associated with semi-arid areas whereas traits common in more stable and favourable environments (large body size, semi-voltinism, isolated eggs, etc.) were found in upland forested areas.
4. The natural climatic variation was proposed as a disturbance axis of a theoretical habitat templet (driven by the intense hydrological disturbances typical of semi-arid streams), while anthropogenic pressure (mainly intensive agriculture) and high salinity, a natural consequence of geology, was proposed as an adversity axis. Different life-histories associated with contrasting environmental features were superimposed in this habitat templet.
5. The ecological–evolutionary scenario in which stream macroinvertebrates have evolved and by which their communities are organized, is closely linked to disturbance, environmental harshness and human pressure. 相似文献
52.
MARIA M. GELDENHUIS JOLANDA ROUX MICHAEL J. WINGFIELD BRENDA D. WINGFIELD 《Molecular ecology resources》2004,4(4):547-550
Thielaviopsis basicola is a soil‐borne fungal pathogen affecting many important agricultural crops. Little is known regarding the population biology or origin of this pathogen. Polymorphic markers developed for Ceratocystis fimbriata, a species complex phylogenetically closely related to T. basicola, were tested and found not to be useful for T. basicola. In this study 14 primer pairs, seven of which resulted in the amplification of single polymorphic fragments in T. basicola were developed. These primers will enable further studies on this economically important pathogen, and will result in an enhanced understanding of its population structure in different parts of the world. 相似文献
53.
MARIA C. FRANCESCHINI SARA G. TRESSENS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2004,145(2):209-218
Embryos, seeds and fruits of four species of Capparis L. (Capparaceae) from Argentina are described in this paper: C. flexuosa (L.) L. sensu lato, C. retusa Griseb., C. speciosa Griseb. and C. tweediana Eichl. Chlorophyllous embryos are found in C. flexuosa and C. retusa , species with thin seed coats, dehiscent siliques, and somewhat fleshy red endocarps. Nonchlorophyllous embryos are found in the berry-fruited C. speciosa and C. tweediana , the former with leathery indehiscent fruit wall, the latter with thin-walled dehiscent berries with massive fleshy pulp. The pulp is permeated by seed coat hairs in C. tweediana . The embryos of C. flexuosa , C. retusa and C. tweediana belong to the 'Axile Division, Foliate Subdivision, and Folded Type' of the classification devised by A. C. Martin in 1946. Some features of the embryo of C. speciosa (which are not considered in Martin's classification), support a new subdivision (Massive) and a new morphological type (Unequal cotyledons), characterized by profound anisocotyly, globose shape of the major cotyledon, presence of suberized cells and an undeveloped radicle. Anatomical studies of embryos and seedlings confirm the anisocotyly. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 145 , 209−218. 相似文献
54.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH UNIFLORAL HONEYS BY FREE CHOICE PROFILING 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MIGUEL ANGEL GONZÁLEZ-VIÑAS AIDA MOYA MARIA DOLORES CABEZUDO 《Journal of sensory studies》2003,18(2):103-113
Different Spanish unifloral honeys (eucalyptus, sunflower, rosemary, thyme, lavender, citrus, anise, quercus, and lemon blossom) and one multifloral honey were studied by Free-Choice Profiling (FCP) analysis. Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) applied to the FCP data allowed discrimination between samples and provided information on the attributes responsible for the differences observed. The honeys had significantly different sensory characteristics. Textural attributes were the predominant factor in discriminating between samples, and appearance (color included) was also correlated with GPA dimensions to a lesser extent. 相似文献
55.
Reproductive structures and systematics of Buxaceae 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
MARIA VON BALTHAZAR PETER K. ENDRESS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2002,140(3):193-228
Buxaceae belong to a grade of families near the base of eudicots. Flowers of these families are characterized by a variable number and arrangement of floral organs. In this study, the anthetic structure of the gynoecium and androecium of representatives of all genera of Buxaceae were comparatively studied, and observations on the flowering processes and pollination biology were made. Styloceras and Notobuxus were studied in detail for the first time. Various features of the morphological analysis support our earlier molecular phylogenetic study. Shared reproductive characters among Sarcococca , Pachysandra and Styloceras are the occurrence of two (rarely three) carpels, the lack of interstylar nectaries, a micropyle formed by both integuments, attractive stamens in male flowers, and fleshy fruits. In addition, Styloceras and Pachysandra share a secondary partition in the ovary. Notobuxus does not seem to be clearly distinct from Buxus . Both have a similar inflorescence and perianth structure; female flowers have three carpels, interstylar nectaries, micropyles formed by the inner integument, rudimentary arils, and they develop into capsular fruits; in male flowers stamens are sessile and the central pistillode is lacking in some species. Thus, it is questionable to justify a separation of Buxus and Notobuxus at genus level. The results further strongly support the placement of Buxaceae among basal eudicots. © The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 140 , 193–228. 相似文献
56.
Phylogenetic relationships within Plantago (Plantaginaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid trnL-F sequence data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NINA RØNSTED MARK W. CHASE DIRK C. ALBACH MARIA ANGELICA BELLO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2002,139(4):323-338
A molecular phylogenetic study of Plantago L. (Plantaginaceae) analysed nucleotide variation in the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal and plastid trnL-F regions. Included are 57 Plantago species, with two Aragoa species as the ingroup and three Veronica species as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony identified five major clades, corresponding to the taxonomic groups Plantago subgenera Plantago, Coronopus, Psyllium, Littorella and Bougueria . Aragoa is sister to genus Plantago . Plantago subgenus Littorella is sister to the other subgenera of Plantago . The results are in general correlated with a morphological phylogenetic study and iridoid glucoside patterns, but Plantago subgenus Albicans is paraphyletic and should be included in Plantago subgenus Psyllium sensu lato to obtain a monophyletic clade with six sections. Plantago section Hymenopsyllium is more closely related to section Gnaphaloides than to section Albicans . Plantago subgenus Bougueria is sister to subgenus Psyllium s.l. section Coronopus in Plantago subgenus Coronopus is subdivided in two series. Only some of the sections can be resolved into series. DNA variation within genus Plantago is high, a result that would not have been predicted on the basis of morphology, which is relatively stereotyped. If we calibrate a molecular clock based on the divergence of P. stauntoni , endemic to New Amsterdam in the southern Indian Ocean, we calculate the time of the split between Plantago and Aragoa to be 7.1 million years ago, which is congruent with the fossil record. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 139 , 323–338. 相似文献
57.
58.
SYNOPSIS Asexual reproduction in Tokophrya infusionum is by internal budding, whereby a ciliated, motile embryo is formed inside the sessile, non-ciliated parent in a specialized structure, the brood pouch. The process of embryogenesis and brood pouch formation was studied with the electron microscope using synchronized cultures. Reproduction begins with invagination of the pellicle and plasma membrane in the apical region of the adult. Early invagination is characterized by the presence of numerous microtubules beneath the plasma membrane or epiplasmic layer of the invaginating membranes. These microtubules apparently are important in formation of the brood pouch for colchicine blocks embryogenesis during the early stages. When the embryo is completed, it is ejected from the brood pouch thru the birth pore, an opening which is the site of the initial invagination and is present thruout embryogenesis. Theories of brood pouch formation are reviewed and discussed in light of the present investigation. 相似文献
59.
60.