中华大蟾蜍和花背蟾蜍间移核胚胎早期发育中染色体变化的研究

本研究以中华大蟾蜍和花背蟾蜍间正反核、质组合的移核胚胎为材料,对其三个不同发育阶段(囊胚晚期、原肠早期、原肠晚期)的移核胚胎染色体进行了组型分析。结果表明,无论以中华大蟾蜍囊胚细胞核作供体,花背蟾蜍去核未受精卵作受体的移核胚胎,还是相反组合的移核胚胎,在三个不同发育阶段,其染色体数目和形态均有变化,即:(1)表现出数目上有规律性的减少,一般减少2条、3条和4条;(2)出现异型染色体,如染色体断裂和双缢痕染色体;(3)表现出比较恒定的异常组型,即缺失第3染色体,多第4、5、6另染色体。在三个发育时期的分裂中期象中,具有2n=22者,中核组占40.3％-41.3％,花核组占52.3-53.1％。     

沙棘油对实验性血栓形成及凝血系统的影响

沙棘油能使实验性血栓形成延迟,具有预防血栓形成的作用。沙棘油有一定的抗凝作用,主要参与内源性凝血系统;且有促纤溶作用,明显降低纤维蛋白原含量,使血浆鱼精蛋白副凝试验呈阳性反应。     

Study on intracellular trafficking of Mac-1 by direct visualization

Previously, we constructed DNA vectors containing cDNAof Mac-1 subunits (CD11b or CD18b) fused with fluorescence protein (FP). cDNA fragments and the DNA constructs were then transfected into CHO cells (as CHO-Mac-1-FP). The structure and function of Mac-1-FP obtained from the CHO-Mac-1-FP cells are nearly identical to that expressed in wild type leukocytes. In the present study, the intracellular trafficking of Mac-1 was visualized directly by monitoring the fluorescent intensities of YFP-CD18 and PE-conjugated monoclonal antibody against CD11b under a confocal microscope in CHO-Mac-1-FP cells. The results indicate that: (i) although Mac-1 was not detected in the cell membrane at resting state, it had been translocated and clustered into the cell membrane by 1 h and internalized 2 h after PMA stimulation, at which point the fluorescence intensity began to diminish gradually, probably due to partial degradation of Mac-1. The fluorescence of CD18 and CD11b reappeared on the cell membrane 1 h after re-treatment with PMA, suggesting the recycling of non-degraded Mac-1. (ii) The adhesion rate of CHO-Mac-1-FP to magnetic beads coupled ICAM-1 increased within 4 h after their initial interaction, accompanied by the clustering of Mac-1-FP. After 8 h, the adhesion rate declined and fluorescence also decreased simultaneously. The pattern of change in fluorescence in CHO-Mac-1-FP cells elicited by ICAM-1 beads was similar to that elicited by PMA, suggesting that endocytosis and degradation of Mac-1 occurred after the interaction with ICAM-1. Thus, we conclude that the intracellular trafficking of Mac-1 after activation is associated with membrane translocation, endocytosis, degradation and recycling. These changes are in parallel with the adhesion of CHO-Mac-1-FP cells with ICAM-1, and may be involved in the adhesion and detachment of leukocytes. The detachment of leukocytes may be caused by endocytosis of Mac-1.     

虫草蝙蝠蛾Hepialus armoricanus Oberthür生物学的初步研究

冬虫夏草又叫夏草冬虫,简称虫草,是我国名贵药材之一。我国的西藏、青海、四川等地都有出产。 我们于1958年底开始在青海省部分地区进行调查采集,当年又去四川康定、茂汶、普雄、峨眉等地继续工作。自1959年4月起,在四川省康定海拔3,500—4,000余米高山草甸的山坡上展开     

中国海州湾候鸟迁徙的雷达观测

用10cm波长海岸警戒雷达观测候鸟飞经海州湾时的速度、高度、方向以及季节和昼夜数量变化。探讨候鸟春秋季飞经海州湾时的迁徙类型。     

褐菌瓢虫的两新种记述

我国已有分布记录的褐菌瓢虫Vibidia除十二斑菌瓢虫V.duodecimguttaia(Poda)外,通过最近整理,还发现下面的两个新种。现记述于下。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 西昌褐菌瓢虫Vibidia xichangiensis Pang et Mao新种 体长:3.2毫米。体卵形,拱起。头部乳白色,口器、触角褐色。前胸背板褐色部分位于中后部,两侧乳白色,并与乳白色的前缘连接起来。小盾片褐色。鞘翅褐色,各具6个比较大形的乳白色斑,成1-2-2-1排列,靠近小盾片的斑横四边形,端斑颇大,成不规则形,各斑的直径均大于彼此间的距离。腹面及足褐色。     

RKIP mediates autoimmune inflammation by positively regulating IL‐17R signaling

Th17 cells contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases by secreting interleukin‐17 (IL‐17), which activates its receptor (IL‐17R) that is expressed on epithelial cells, macrophages, microglia, and resident neuroectodermal cells. However, the mechanisms through which IL‐17R‐mediated signaling contributes to the development of autoimmune disease have not been completely elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that Raf‐1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) deficiency in mice ameliorates the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Adoptive T‐cell‐transfer experiments demonstrate that RKIP plays a predominant role in Th17‐mediated, but not in Th1‐mediated immune responses. RKIP deficiency has no effect on Th17‐cell differentiation ex vivo, nor does it affect Th17‐cell differentiation in EAE mice. However, RKIP significantly promotes IL‐17R‐induced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Mechanistically, RKIP directly interacts with IL‐17RA and Act1 to promote the formation of an IL‐17R‐Act1 complex, resulting in enhanced MAPK‐ and P65‐mediated NF‐κB activation and downstream cytokine production. Together, these findings indicate that RKIP functions as an essential modulator of the IL‐17R‐Act1 axis in IL‐17R signaling, which promotes IL‐17‐induced inflammation and autoimmune neuroinflammation.     

橡胶树魏克汉种质资源生长与形质性状变异分析

于2009-2016年每年12月中旬,对2008年定植保存在"农业部景洪橡胶树种质资源圃"内来自4个国家的364份橡胶树魏克汉种质资源1740株林木的年度径围生长量进行了跟踪观测,2016年12月底对其枝下高、主干通直度、主干分杈、侧枝分枝轮、侧枝粗细、侧枝分枝角、侧枝伸展等指标进行了观测,统计分析了年度径围生长规律及变异情况;以364份种质资源的调查数据对8个指标的遗传多样性指数进行了分析,并分别以基因型和国家为单位进行了多指标综合聚类,旨在为揭示橡胶树魏克汉种质资源遗传多样性及合理保护和利用提供理论依据。研究结果表明,可以根据林木的茎粗生长量将保存的364份魏克汉种质资源划分成3个类群,依次为缓慢型(径围50 cm)、中间型(径围在50~60 cm)、速生型(径围60 cm),其中,8年生时径围总生长量平均为52.88 cm,变幅为41.50~64.00 cm;缓慢型均值为47.49 cm,变幅为40.50~49.75 cm;中间型均值为54.02 cm,变幅为50.00~59.75 cm;速生型均值为61.07 cm,变幅为60.00~64.00 cm;速生型与缓慢型之间均值相差13.58 cm。从变异程度来看,总体、缓慢型、中间型、速生型等年度间变异系数变幅依次为10.87%~25.81%、10.20%~26.89%、9.32%~25.62%、8.64%~20.78%。随着林龄的增加,3类群体连年生长量与年平均生长量均呈现出先增大后降低的趋势,且两者在8年间只出现了1次相交,相交时间在3~4年生之间,速生型相交时间较晚一些。年度间径围生长量相关性分析表明,缓慢型和中间型群体相关性均达到极显著正相关(除中间型1年生与8年生间相关性不显著外),速生型群体3年生后各年度间相关性达到极显著正相关。8个指标的遗传多样性指数从大到小排序依次为:枝下高(1.835)径围生长量(1.713)侧枝分枝轮(1.222)侧枝粗细(1.192)侧枝分枝角(1.079)主干通直度(1.032)主干分杈数(0.991)侧枝伸展(0.579),多数指标遗传多样性指数偏小。聚类结果表明,来自同一国家的种质大部分聚在一组或几组;4个国家种质关系最为密切的是印度尼西亚和马来西亚,其次是印度尼西亚和中国,距离较远的是斯里兰卡。综上可知,国内保存的橡胶树魏克汉种质资源8个性状变异程度不大,遗传多样性丰度低。建议在进行早期选择时,以较小的林龄(如2年生)进行淘汰选择,以较大的林龄(如4年生)进行速生资源选择,其中7份速生型种质资源可直接用来培育胶木兼优无性系或作为亲本材料进行杂交育种。     

LHRH刺激雄性大鼠垂体LH分泌高峰时细胞形态变化的图象分析

应用ＡＢＣ亲和组织化学顺序、ＭＩＳ－１计划机图象处理系统测定外源性ＬＨＲＨ刺激雄性大鼠ＬＨ分泌高峰前后ＬＨ细胞面积、细胞内液泡面积和细胞形状等形态参数的变化。结果表明：雄性大鼠ＬＨ基础分泌时,ＬＨ细胞处于贮存状态。     

抗虫转基因甘蓝及其后代的研究

通过农杆菌感染法将苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因转移进了甘蓝的基因组,带子叶柄的子叶作为外植体与农杆菌共培养.发生在子叶柄基部的愈伤组织在含卡那霉素(Km)15～30mg/L的MS培养基上进行筛选,约5%外植体上的愈伤组织继续长大,当移到含Km和6-BA的分化培养基上时,愈伤组织分化出绿色的芽.将芽分离培养,约80%在加有Km的培养基上被诱导生了根.未转化的对照组织在筛选培养基上不能分化出正常的芽和根系,并且逐渐褐化死亡.小菜粉蝶的幼虫被饲喂以转基因植株的叶片,幼虫出现中毒症状,表现为发育受阻和死亡.约20%受试植物的DNA与苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因探针杂交显阳性带.由转基因植株的种子长成的第2代甘蓝幼苗的卡那霉素抗性和植株的抗小菜粉蝶的活力均符合孟德尔单基因分离规律.