Microtubule and microfilament distribution and tubulin content in the cell cycle of Indian muntjac cells

Using DAPI, rabbit antitubulin antibody, FITC-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG, and TRITC-phalloidin to stain individual cells, the microspectrophotometric analysis showed that three markers that represent the nucleus, microtubules (MT), and microfilaments (MF), respectively, could be recognized in individual cells without interference. The phase of the cell cycle was determined by DNA content. We found that in Indian muntjac (IM) cells, the amount of tubulin in G2 and M phases was about twice as much as that in G1 phase. In G2 cells, the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC) became denser than in G1 cells. The cytoplasmic MT extent in basically the same orientation as MF bundles in interphase. The regions where the MT is denser also have a denser MF distribution.     

马尾松毛虫雄蛾触角毛状感受器的细微结构

马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctagus(Walker)雄蛾有一对羽毛状触角。在触角鞭节的每对侧枝的内侧(迎风面)着生许多毛状感受器。每个毛状感受器由几丁质表皮毛及位于其下的三个感觉神经原和三个呈同心排列的辅助细胞-鞘原细胞、毛原细胞和膜原细胞构成。几丁质表皮毛上有许多孔。毛腔内充满感受器淋巴液。感觉神经原发出的树状突伸入毛腔,浸浴于感受器淋巴液内。这些结构特征表明它是一种司嗅觉的化学感受器。雄蛾终生不取食,推断它的嗅觉感受器主要用以感受雌蛾释放的性外激素,帮助寻找配偶。     

甘肃、青海花尺蛾亚科新种记述(鳞翅目：尺蛾科)

甘肃、青海花尺蛾亚科新种记述（鳞翅目：尺蛾科）薛大勇（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）孟锋（甘肃省永登县连城实验林场７３０３３３）本文记述采自青海东北部至甘肃境内祁连山地区的三个花尺蛾亚科新种,模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。１．邻库尺峨Ｋ...     

结核分枝杆菌蛋白亚单位疫苗与疫苗诱导的T细胞免疫记忆研究进展

牛分枝杆菌减毒活疫苗--卡介苗(bacillus Calmette-Guérin,BCG)对预防严重的儿童结核病有效,但其免疫保护效率随儿童年龄增长而降低。BCG不能提供终身免疫保护可能与其诱导的记忆性T细胞主要是寿命较短的效应记忆性T细胞有关。新型结核分枝杆菌蛋白亚单位疫苗将有效的抗原有机组合起来,在适宜的疫苗佐剂辅助下诱导Th1型免疫应答。动物实验表明,增加抗原谱可有效提高亚单位疫苗的保护效率。更重要的是,亚单位疫苗在体内持续时间较短,可诱导寿命较长的中央记忆性T细胞,提供比BCG更持久的免疫保护力。记忆性T细胞的分化受抗原特性与剂量、细胞因子、转录因子及雷帕霉素等的调控。对亚单位疫苗及其诱导的免疫记忆进行研究将对新型结核分枝杆菌疫苗的设计与评价产生积极影响。     

QTL mapping of root traits in phosphorus-deficient soils reveals important genomic regions for improving NDVI and grain yield in barley

Key message

Major QTLs for root rhizosheath size are not correlated with grain yield or yield response to phosphorus. Important QTLs were found to improve phosphorus efficiency.

Abstract

Root traits are important for phosphorus (P) acquisition, but they are often difficult to characterize and their breeding values are seldom assessed under field conditions. This has shed doubts on using seedling-based criteria of root traits to select and breed for P efficiency. Eight root traits were assessed under controlled conditions in a barley doubled-haploid population in soils differing in P levels. The population was also phenotyped for grain yield, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain P uptake and P utilization efficiency at maturity (PutE_GY) under field conditions. Several quantitative traits loci (QTLs) from the root screening and the field trials were co-incident. QTLs for root rhizosheath size and root diameter explained the highest phenotypic variation in comparison to QTLs for other root traits. Shared QTLs were found between root diameter and grain yield, and total root length and PutE_GY. A common major QTL for rhizosheath size and NDVI was mapped to the HvMATE gene marker on chromosome 4H. Collocations between major QTLs for NDVI and grain yield were detected on chromosomes 6H and 7H. When results from BIP and MET were combined, QTLs detected for grain yield were also those QTLs found for NDVI. QTLs qGY5H, qGY6H and qGY7Hb on 7H were robust QTLs in improving P efficiency. A selection of multiple loci may be needed to optimize the breeding outcomes due to the QTL x Environment interaction. We suggest that rhizosheath size alone is not a reliable trait to predict P efficiency or grain yield.

     

Saitohin Q7R polymorphism is associated with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease susceptibility among caucasian populations: a meta‐analysis

Saitohin (STH) Q7R polymorphism has been reported to influence the individual's susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta‐analysis to explore the association between STH Q7R polymorphism and AD risk. Systematic literature searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies published before 31 August 2016. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of the association using a fixed‐ or random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses, Galbraith plot and sensitivity analyses were also performed. All statistical analyses were performed with STATA Version 12.0. A total of 19 case–control studies from 17 publications with 4387 cases and 3972 controls were included in our meta‐analysis. The results showed that the Q7R polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD in a recessive model (RR versus QQ+QR, OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01–1.60, P = 0.040). After excluding the four studies not carried out in caucasians, the overall association was unchanged in all comparison models. Further subgroup analyses stratified by the time of AD onset, and the quality of included studies provided statistical evidence of significant increased risk of AD in RR versus QQ+QR model only in late‐onset subjects (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.07–2.26, P = 0.021) and in studies with high quality (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.01–1.86, P = 0.043). This meta‐analysis suggests that the RR genotype in saitohin Q7R polymorphism may be a human‐specific risk factor for AD, especially among late‐onset AD subjects and caucasian populations.     

Host species diversity and post-blood feeding carbohydrate availability enhance survival of females and fecundity in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes albopictus mosquito is an opportunistic blood feeder and has a broad host range. The feeding behavior and habits of this mosquito are liable to increase the transmission potential of arboviruses. The survival and fecundity in A. albopictus fed on different hosts and post-blood meal provision of sugar were investigated in a laboratory-reared colony. Adult survival of caged female A. albopictus that were fed on blood of two different hosts (double meal) was higher than the females fed only on one host (single meal) (mean survival: 70.2 ± 9.6 vs. 55.5 ± 5.5%, respectively) when held in the laboratory for 72 h after blood feeding. Mean survival of females provided 10% sucrose solution (in water) after a single or double blood meal was higher (90.5 ± 6.4% and 89.3 ± 6.5%, respectively) than in the respective groups receiving water only following blood feeding (double meal: 49.0 ± 9.6%; single meal: 45.3 ± 10.9%). Females receiving a double meal were more fecund on average (89.0 ± 6.6 eggs) than females provided a single meal (82.3 ± 8.2 eggs).     

ESBLbla SHV-12基因片段的克隆和序列分析

分析黑龙江省分离的肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶基因片段的序列 ,确定该基因所产ESBLs的亚型。用双纸片法初筛检测产ESBLs菌株 ,聚合酶链反应扩增ESBLs编码基因片段 ,并将其克隆至pUC19载体中 ,双脱氧链终止法测定核苷酸序列以确定亚型。测序结果证实所获得的ESBLs基因片段含10 4 7个核苷酸 ,其基因型为SHV型 ,与SHV 12型ESBLs编码基因相同。上述结果表明 ,黑龙江省内分离的产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌含有SHV 12编码基因。