自发性高血压大鼠和Wistar大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞膜电流的比较

目的:探讨自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar大鼠脑动脉(BA)平滑肌细胞膜电流的异同。方法:应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究SHR和Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞在电流密度、电流组成以及自发性瞬时外向K+电流(STOCs)特性的异同。结果:①当指令电压为0、+20、+40和+60mV时,SHR与Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞间电流密度存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。②SHR与Wistar大鼠BA平滑肌细胞膜电流都对1 mmol/L电压依赖的K+通道(Kv)阻断剂4AP和1 mmol/L大电导Ca2+激活K+通道(BKCa)阻断剂TEA敏感。③SHR的STOCs发放频率和电流幅度都远大于Wistar大鼠。1 mmol/LTEA基本完全阻断STOCs通道电流,而4-AP对STOCs没有影响。结论:SHR和Wistar大鼠脑动脉平滑肌细胞的电流密度存在差异,两种平滑肌细胞外向电流都由BKCa和Kv通道组成。SHR大鼠平滑肌细胞更易诱发由BKCa通道介导的STOCs。     

单纯疱疹病毒1型引起的发热出疹性疾病需要与手足口病进行鉴别

对2008年在甘肃省发生的一起疑似手足口病(HFMD)的发热出疹性疾病的流行进行病原体的实验室检测,明确引起这起传染病流行的病原体。从4名发热出疹患者采集的8份临床标本中(每个患者采集咽拭子和疱疹液标本),首先将临床标本接种到RD和HEp-2细胞上进行病毒分离,对病毒分离阳性的标本提取病毒核酸,然后使用荧光定量-逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)进行人肠道病毒(HEV)核酸的检测。对HEV检测结果阴性的标本采用序列非依赖的单引物扩增技术(SISPA)进行"未知病原体"的鉴定。分离到的6株病毒均鉴定为单纯疱疹病毒I型(HSV-1),结合分析这起流行中患者的临床表现、流行病学调查结果以及实验室检测结果,表明HSV-1是引起这起发热出疹性疾病流行的病原体。6株HSV-1的gG区核苷酸和氨基酸水平上差异都较小,同源性分别高达98.8%和97.9%,说明这起疫情是由同一个病毒传播链引起的。HSV-1等病毒引起的发热出疹性疾病需要与HFMD进行鉴别诊断,由于仅从临床症状和流行病学资料上判断引起发热出疹性疾病的病原体是非常困难的,因此,必须依赖于实验室的诊断。     

Immunosensor based on magnetic relaxation switch and biotin-streptavidin system for the detection of Kanamycin in milk

A rapid, sensitive, and simple immunosensor was developed for the detection of Kanamycin (KM) in milk. This immunosensor is based on magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) assay and biotin-streptavidin system (B-SA system). The target analyte (KM) competed with those on the surface of the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and hence affected the formation of SPIO aggregates. The dispersed and aggregated states of SPIO can modulate the spin-spin relaxation time (T(2)) of the neighboring water molecule. T(2) was then changed as an effect of the target analyte. The B-SA system was used to amplify the SPIO binding, thus enhance the sensitivity. The detection working was 1.5 to 25.2ngmL(-1) and limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.1ngmL(-1). The LOD of the immunosensor decreased tenfold, and its analysis time (45min) was much shorter than that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (6h to 8h). The average recoveries of the KM at various spiking levels ranged from 80.2% to 85.6% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 4.0%. The results showed that the MRS immunosensor was a promising platform for the determination of small molecular residues because of its high sensitivity, specificity, homogeneity, and speed.     

Ontogenetic and sexual differences of thermal biology and locomotor performance in a lacertid lizard,Eremias multiocellata

A viviparous lizard, Eremias multiocellata, was used to investigate the possible sexual and ontogenetic effects on selected body temperature, thermal tolerance range and the thermal dependence of locomotor performance. We show that adults are sexually dimorphic and males have larger bodies and heads than females. Adults selected higher body temperatures (34.5 vs. 32.4 °C) and could tolerate a broader range of body temperatures (8.1–46.8 vs. 9.1–43.1 °C) than juveniles. The sprint speed and maximum sprint distance increased with temperature from 21 °C to 33 °C, but decreased at 36 °C and 39 °C in both juveniles and adults. Adults ran faster and longer than juveniles at each tested temperature. Adult locomotor performance was not correlated with snout–vent length (SVL) or sex, and sprint speed was positively correlated with hindlimb length. Juvenile locomotor performance was positively correlated with both SVL and hindlimb length. The ontogenetic variation in selected body temperature, thermal tolerance and locomotor performance in E. multiocellata suggests that the effects of morphology on temperature selection and locomotor performance vary at different ontogenetic stages.     

广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献

以广州地区村边风水林为研究对象,选取了67个风水林斑块,并在每个斑块内建立了一个20m×20m的样方,调查了其胸径大于1cm的植物组成。首先以种面积关系外推法和非参数法估计了风水林群落对区域生物多样性的贡献;然后以加法准则拆分了gamma多样性,以分析风水林群落物种组成的异质性;最后根据每个风水林群落的物种丰富度、稀有种(在所有群落中只出现一次的物种)数目和谱系多样性分析了在保护中需要优先考虑的区域。结果发现：（1）广州地区风水林群落至少保存了32.74%的区域物种多样性;（2）gamma多样性(184)中绝大部分由beta多样性(163.43)构建,只有很小部分来自于alpha多样性(20.57)。这表明风水林群落在物种组成上具有较高的空间异质性,要想尽可能多地保护风水林内物种多样性,就需要尽可能多地保护风水林群落斑块;（3）相对于平原地区,位于山区的风水林群落具有更高的物种丰富度和谱系多样性以及更多的稀有种数目。在保护资金和土地资源有限的情况下,位于山区的风水林群落应该给予优先考虑。     

ICU病区大肠埃希菌中qnr基因的分布与耐药性的研究

目的调查温州医科大学附属第一医院ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌基因的分布以及与耐药谱的关系,并初步探讨其在分子流行病学中的作用。方法收集2012年1-9月ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌76株进行qnr基因检测,并通过DNA直接测序确定;分析qnr基因在ICU病区分离的大肠埃希菌的分布及其与耐药性的关系。结果根据PCR产物片段大小及测序分析,76株大肠埃希菌中共有qm基因阳性菌株46株,阳性率为60. 5% ;对阳性菌株进行DNA测序、BLAST比对,其中25株为qnrB基因,17株为qnrS基因阳性,12株基因阳性,未检测到qwC和qnrD基因。在46株qnr基因阳性菌株中有38株为产ESBL菌株,而在qnr阴性菌株中仅有5株ESBL阳性。结论该院ICU分离大肠埃希菌qnr基因携带严重,呈现出多重耐药性,多伴随呈现为产ESBL菌株。     

四川省二郎山常见被子植物资源和分布特征

二郎山国家森林公园海拔3 437 m.生态环境保护良好,植物种类繁多.为进一步了解二郎山常见被子植物种类,探讨植被的垂直地带性变化和坡向性变化,对二郎山植物进行野外实地调查取样,所采集的200余份标本进行鉴定分析,结果表明,四川二郎山常见被子植物184种,8变种,主要属蔷薇科、菊科、杜鹃花科、毛茛科等科.由于二郎山的特殊地理位置,其常见被子植物具有明显的垂直性变化和坡向性变化.     

MicroRNA-21可促进金华猪胚胎肝脏生长

microRNAs是一种小分子非编码RNA,广泛参与细胞的生长发育、分化和凋亡等生物学过程. microRNA-21(miR-21)是一个在实体肿瘤中高表达的miRNA,可促进癌细胞增殖. 为了研究miR-21在金华猪生长过程中的作用,本试验选取了金华猪80日龄胚胎的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、小肠、胰脏、皮脂组织,进行miR-21组织表达谱研究,结果发现miR-21在肝脏中的表达最高. 进一步以肝脏为对象,研究miR-21在金华猪不同生长阶段中的表达,结果显示胚胎80日龄的miR-21表达量最高（P<0.01）,其次是胚胎期的60日龄和105日龄,出生后1至120日龄miR-21的表达量均维持在较低的水平且相互之间差异不显著(P>0.05). 利用KEGG软件对miR-21预测的靶基因进行通路归类分析表明miR-21参与细胞代谢、生长等过程,从中选择两个抑制细胞增殖的靶基因,增强子结合蛋白（CCAAT/enhancer binding protein,Cebpa) 和原肌球蛋白1基因（tropomyosin 1,Tpm1),qRT-PCR检测二者在不同生长阶段的mRNA表达量,结果其表达趋势与miR-21相反,其中胚胎期80天表达量最低(P<0.05). 综上表明miR-21可能具有促进胚胎肝脏生长的作用.     

Polymorphisms in MHC class Ia genes and resistance to IHNV in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is detrimental to the farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonids in the Northern hemisphere. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a key role in immune response in invertebrates, as evidenced by the close correlation of MHC polymorphisms with disease resistance/susceptibility. To analyse the correlation between rainbow trout resistance and susceptibility to IHNV and genetic variation in exon 2 of MHC class Ia gene, UBA, we employed two approaches, namely, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and cloning/sequencing. From 102 resistant and 82 susceptible individuals, a total of 12 alleles in UBA exon 2 (GenBank: JX136662–JX136673) were identified, including 11 novel alleles. The maximum number of these alleles in a single individual was four, suggesting that UBA exon 2 most likely resides on at least two loci in the genome. Most of the variations in UBA exon 2 were located in the peptide-binding region and were determined to have been subject to positive selection during evolution. Correlation analysis revealed that Onmy-UBA*0111 and Onmy-UBA*0107 are highly associated with IHNV susceptibility (P = 0.001), whereas Onmy-UBA*0101, Onmy-UBA*0102, and Onmy-UBA*0103 are highly related to IHNV resistance (P = 0.000). In addition, the three resistant alleles were predominant in the IHNV disease-resistant population; thus, these molecular markers can be used for anti-IHNV breeding of rainbow trout.