结合AFM探测副伤寒沙门氏茵B感染红细胞膜的生物力学特性

采用原子力显微镜和衍射显微术,在纳米精确尺度探测副伤寒沙门氏菌B（Sp B）感染宿主红细胞（RBC）膜微观结构和力学特性,涉及细胞的形变、膜面内剪切模量和弯曲模量。结合这两种单分子测量技术,利用相关的数学模型表述RBC膜对菌体印B的入侵非常敏感。实验结果显示,不同感染期间的SpB寄生菌体,能够引起宿主RBC膜结构改变,形变能力降低,膜剪切模量和弯曲模量显著增加。这些力学特性的变化影响RBC的输氧和循环功能。实验结果表明,印B具有独特的鞭毛调控系统,入侵的毒性菌体寄生蛋白与血影蛋白网络中的运输蛋白有特异结合位点,导致RBC膜骨架网络、波动力学和细胞内、外基质都产生应激反应,这有可能为理解勋曰感染RBC的发病机理和寄生途径提供一些新的实验思路和分析依据。     

On the Methods and Principles of MolecularIdentification of Chinese Herbs

Accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials is relevant to the safety of human life and economic interests. Traditional identification methods, including sensory evaluation, microscopic identification, physical and chemical identification, all have their limitations. Molecular identification brings a new opportunity for accurate identification of herbal medicinal materials. However, prior to its wide adoption, the methods and principles of molecular identification should be fully discussed. In this paper, we proposed a set of new methods for molecular authentication of herbal medicinal materials: 1) Identification between authenticity and adulteration by using specific polymerase chain reaction; 2) Identification between official herb and substitute by using the method of DNA barcoding; 3) Identification among multiple species of one official herbs by constructing genealogy among closely related species based on population genetics; 4) Identification among herbs of different geographical origins by phylogeography based analysis. For those that can not be identified by above four methods, more rapidly evolved markers such as microsatellite should be employed and individual based analysis could be adopted.     

美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效观察

目的:观察美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻的疗效.方法:将79例老年人抗生素相关性腹泻患者随机分为2组,对照组为常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用美常安治疗.结果:治疗组患者的总有效率明显高于对照组,2组有显著差异(P＜0.05).结论:美常安治疗老年人抗生素相关性腹泻疗效显著.     

广西灵川县种植业的可持续发展

广西是我国南方农业大省(区),明确其农业发展的制约因素,提出具体的解决措施,实现农业可持续发展,对解决农业、农村和农民问题,促进经济持续、快速、健康发展,实现社会主义现代化建设战略目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。主要采用了参与性农户评估方法(PRA),通过随机入户方式,与农户面对面交流,并结合调查问卷,对广西桂林市灵川县11个乡镇的农户进行了调查访问,为方便研究和数据处理,在数据分析过程中将该县11个乡镇分为3个片区:东部片区、中部片区、北部片区,对比3组农户的文化素质、种植制度、冬季农业现状、农业需求和农田水利设施等方面问题,探讨广西农业可持续发展的制约因素,并提出相应的对策,以期为广西农业可持续发展提供理论依据。调查结果表明,虽然目前灵川县农业取得众多发展成就,但仍存在以下几个方面的问题,严重影响了该县种植业可持续发展的进程。一是种植制度结构单一,二是冬季农业发展薄弱,三是种植技术贫乏,四是基础设施建设不完善等,因此,为促进灵川县种植业可持续发展,亟需采取以下对策和措施:调整作物种植结构,建立合理的种植制度;大力发展冬季农业;满足农民最迫切的农业需求;加强农业基础设施建设等。     

Evidence of Uncoupling between Renal Dysfunction and Injury in Cardiorenal Syndrome: Insights from the BIONICS Study

Objective

The objective of the study was to assess urinary biomarkers of renal injury for their individual or collective ability to predict Worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods

In a prospective, blinded international study, 87 emergency department (ED) patients with ADHF were evaluated with biomarkers of cardiac stretch (B type natriuretic peptide [BNP] and its amino terminal equivalent [NT-proBNP], ST2), biomarkers of renal function (creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) and biomarkers of renal injury (plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin [pNGAL], urine kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1], urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [NAG], urine Cystatin C, urine fibrinogen). The primary endpoint was WRF.

Results

26% developed WRF; baseline characteristics of subjects who developed WRF were generally comparable to those who did not. Biomarkers of renal function and urine biomarkers of renal injury were not correlated, while urine biomarkers of renal injury correlated between each other. Biomarker concentrations were similar between patients with and without WRF except for baseline BNP. Although plasma NGAL was associated with the combined endpoint, none of the biomarker showed predictive accuracy for WRF.

Conclusions

In ED patients with ADHF, urine biomarkers of renal injury did not predict WRF. Our data suggest that a weak association exists between renal dysfunction and renal injury in this setting (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT#0150153).     

茶树CsMYB123转录因子的克隆及表达特性研究

该实验以茶树品种‘紫娟’为试验材料,利用RT-PCR方法,从茶树cDNA中克隆得到一个R2R3-MYB型基因(CsMYB123)。生物信息学分析显示,CsMYB123基因的开放阅读框为915bp,编码304个氨基酸,蛋白分子量约34.07kD,理论等电点为8.69,含有2个保守的MYB结构域,编码1个R2R3-MYB蛋白;CsMYB123蛋白与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)MYB转录因子家族第五亚组的AtMYB123亲缘关系最近;CsMYB123属于亲水性蛋白,无N端信号肽,可能定位于细胞核上。荧光定量PCR分析表明,CsMYB123基因在茶树各组织的表达量大小依次为:一芽一叶第二叶第三叶第四叶老茎嫩茎,且在一芽一叶中的表达量是嫩茎的15.68倍;但CsMYB123的表达受IAA、ABA、ETH和GA3的抑制。花青素含量检测显示,茶树‘紫娟’各组织中花青素的含量高低依次为:第二叶一芽一叶第三叶第四叶嫩茎老茎,且第二叶和一芽一叶的含量分别为老茎的15倍和11倍。研究发现,CsMYB123基因在茶树‘紫娟’的新稍中高水平表达,且其表达模式与不同组织中的花青素含量呈较好的正相关关系,推测CsMYB123基因与茶树花青素合成的调控相关。     

重金属累积对泽兰实蝇幼虫生长发育和保护酶的影响

为了弄清重金属通过寄主植物紫茎泽兰累积后对专性寄生天敌泽兰实蝇的生理影响,采用模拟Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)污染的土壤培养法胁迫紫茎泽兰,让泽兰实蝇低龄幼虫寄生取食,利用原子吸收分光光度法测定泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫中Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)的含量,同时测定分析泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫的体长、鲜重、能量物质和保护酶的变化。结果表明,实验处理的Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)或Zn~(2+)均可通过紫茎泽兰传递并累积到泽兰实蝇老熟幼虫体内,引起老熟幼虫一系列生理变化:长度和鲜重降低;总糖、总蛋白和总脂的含量降低,相应的热量值也降低;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶的活性降低。本研究为进一步阐明重金属污染对食物链各环节的影响提供了重要的理论依据。     

裕固族血脂异常人群肠道菌群结构特征分析

探究生活在相同环境下的同一民族血脂异常人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异,为血脂异常的精准预防和治疗提供参考。

收集甘肃肃南县裕固族血脂异常人群和健康人群粪便样本,提取细菌总DNA,通过16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析2组人群肠道菌群的差异。

裕固族健康组人群肠道菌群分属26个门,73个纲,169个目,301个科,709个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有22个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群分属29个门,75个纲,280个目,304个科,702个属,门水平上丰度＞1%的物种有4个,属水平上丰度＞1%的物种有15个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群与健康组间拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门水平以及F/B比值存在显著差异,Р＜0.05的差异物种有5个,Subdoligranulum、Christensenellaceae_R-7_group及Dialister与血脂水平呈负相关,Lachnoclostridium、Parasutterella与血脂水平呈正相关。

肃南县裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群结构与健康组存在差异,为下一步关联分析肠道菌群与血脂异常及环境因素提供了基础数据。