用于高灵敏可视化检测松材线虫的闭管等温扩增法

建立了一种基于环介导等温核酸扩增技术(LAMP)的松材线虫高灵敏可视化闭管检测方法。针对松材线虫核糖体DNA的序列保守区域设计LAMP引物,通过优化LAMP体系中的Mg2+、甜菜碱浓度和反应温度等因素,建立了环介导等温扩增法;并结合蜡封反应管对产物进行检测,检测结果可直接通过肉眼观察SYBR Green I荧光显色进行判定。结果表明,本方法可检测到低至10拷贝/管的松材线虫核酸片段,可对单条线虫进行检测,并且具有很高的特异性,能区分检测松材线虫与拟松材线虫。由于整个反应恒温进行,无需热循环仪;闭管检测极大地降低了扩增产物交叉污染的风险;检测速度快,整个检测过程只需40 min,为松材线虫的现场快速筛检提供了一种简便、高灵敏、高特异的工具。     

四川省鱼类寄生粘孢子虫两新种（粘孢子纲：双壳目）

本四川省鱼类寄生粘孢子虫两新种：寄生墨头鱼的宜宾两极虫,新种Ｍｙｘｉｄｉｕｍ ｙｉｂｉｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和寄生鳙Ａｒｉｓｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｓ ｎｋｂｉｌｉｓ的鳙单尾虫,新种Ｕｎｉｃａｕｄａ ａｒｉｓｔｉｃｈｔｈｙｄｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

单子叶植物无融合生殖的研究进展

植物的无融合生殖是指不经过雌雄配子融合而产生种子的一种特殊生殖方式。由于利用无融合生殖途径可以固定杂种优势 ,从而改良现有植物的育种策略 ,因此对无融合生殖的研究已成为生物学科的新生长点。本文主要从无融合生殖的概念和类型 ,无融合生殖在单子叶植物中的分布 ,无融合生殖的胚胎学 ,分子生物学和遗传学机制及创造新的无融合生殖种质资源的方法等 6方面对单子叶植物的无融合生殖的研究进展进行了综述 ,并提出了今后开展无融合生殖研究的思路和设想     

Larval growth, juvenile size and heterozygosity in laboratory reared mussels, Mytilus edulis

Studies with marine bivalve juveniles have shown a positive correlation between growth and allozyme multi-locus heterozygosity (MLH), and, in some cases, between larval growth and juvenile growth, but there has been little research on the relationship between allozyme heterozygosity and larval growth. Larvae of M. edulis from different mating systems (half-sib families with a single female, or a single male parent, a reciprocal cross of two malesxtwo females and two mass matings of 13x13 and 8x17 females and males, respectively) were reared in the laboratory and selected into fast and slow growing groups when about 10-30% were undergoing metamorphosis. Offspring were reared to the juvenile stage (>3.00 mm) and both groups of each mating were electrophoresed and genotyped at up to 12 allozyme loci. There was generally good agreement with Mendelian inheritance (half-sibs and reciprocal cross) or the Hardy-Weinberg model (mass matings). Null alleles were detected at the Odh and Lap loci but there was no evidence that null allele heterozygotes grew slower than other genotypes. Over all cohorts, juveniles from the fast growing larval group were not significantly larger, or smaller, than juveniles from the slow growing group which suggests that larval growth rate may be independent of juvenile growth rate. This observation agrees with some, but not all, earlier studies and has commercial relevance. Tests of heterozygosity and juvenile shell length indicated no association between average heterozygosity across all allozyme loci and the size of juveniles in any cohort regardless of the mating system used or their larval growth rate. The association between MLH and juvenile growth in bivalves is seldom detected in cohorts from a limited genetic background. The lack of an association between heterozygosity and size might therefore be expected in the half-sib and reciprocal cross cohorts, but not in the mass matings. The results argue against any significant association between heterozygosity and larval size in mussels.     

Mortality Associated with Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women

Background

Current guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) recommend diabetes as a CVD risk equivalent. However, reports that have examined the risk of diabetes in comparison to pre-existing CVD are lacking among older women. We aimed to assess whether diabetes was associated with a similar risk of total and cause-specific mortality as a history of CVD in older women.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We studied 9218 women aged 68 years or older enrolled in a prospective cohort study (Study of Osteoporotic Fracture) during a mean follow-up period of 11.7 years and compared all-cause, cardiovascular and coronary heart disease mortality among 4 groups: non-diabetic women with and without existing CVD, diabetic women with and without existing CVD. Mean (SD) age of the participants was 75.2 (5.3) years, 3.5% reported diabetes and 6.8% reported existing CVD. During follow-up, 5117 women died with 36% from CVD. The multivariate adjusted risk of cardiovascular mortality was increased among both non-diabetic women with CVD (hazard ratio (HR) 2.32, 95% CI: 1.97–2.74, P<0.001) and diabetic women without CVD (HR 2.06, CI: 1.62–2.64, P<0.001) compared to non-diabetic women without existing CVD. All-cause, cardiovascular and coronary mortality of non-diabetic women with CVD were not significantly different from diabetic women without CVD.

Conclusions/Significance

Older diabetic women without CVD have a similar risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to non-diabetic women with pre-existing CVD. The equivalence of diabetes and CVD seems to extend to older women, supporting current guidelines for cardiovascular prevention.     

热带次生林林窗干热季光照特征初步分析

利用西双版纳干热季 ( 3～ 4月 )次生林林窗光照观测资料 ,探讨了林窗光照的时空变化特征。结果表明 :由于天气现象 (雾 )、太阳高度和林窗树木的共同影响 ,使得林窗区域光照强度在时空上均存在明显的差异 ;上午光照强度的时间变化不明显 ,光强高值区在林窗西南侧边缘 ;中午受太阳辐射的影响 ,各测点光强均迅速上升 ,尤以林窗偏东侧林缘最为突出 ,实际林窗边缘的光强远远大于扩展林窗边缘 ;平均光强最大区域由林窗西南侧向东北侧林缘移动 ,而林窗偏西侧受树木遮蔽影响 ,光强虽有增加 ,但由于实际林窗边缘的高光强维持时间较短 ,平均光强较小 ,特别是偏西侧的扩展林窗边缘 ,遮蔽影响较大 ,各时刻的光强均不大 ,形成平均光强的低值区 ;使得中午林窗区域光照强度不对称性更加显著 ,光强水平梯度增大 ;下午由于太阳西进 ,林窗区域均受到树木遮蔽影响 ,光强降低 ,水平梯度变化趋于和缓。在西双版纳干热季作为林窗主要热力作用面之一的林窗地表面 ,在不同时段其最大光强的数值和出现区域以及高光强维持时期均存在较大差异 ;使得林窗区域的光强分布存在时间差异和空间不对称性 ,如此的光强分布势必造成林窗不同区域热力作用的不同 ,进而导致林窗区域热量传输和热量储存的不同 ,产生不同的热力效应。本研究结果?     

四川省西部鱼类寄生粘孢子虫——1.粘体虫属六新种(粘孢子纲:双壳目)

本文报导四川省西部鱼类寄生粘孢子虫粘体虫属六新种,即异型粘体虫,新种Myxosoma disparis sp.nov.,四川粘体虫,新种Myxosoma sichuanensis sp.nov.,光唇粘体虫,新种Myxosoma acrossochilusi sp.nov.鳅粘体虫,新种Myxosoma nemachilusi sp.nov.斜囊粘体虫,新种Myxosoma obliqua sp.nov.,雅安粘体虫,新种Myxosoma yaanensis sp.nov.。     

小麦×玉米单倍体植株再生体系的建立

为获得一定规模的小麦单倍体植株以构建小麦DH(Double Haploid)群体,采用小麦(Triticum aestivum,2n=42)与玉米(Zeamays,2n=20)远缘杂交诱导小麦单倍体胚,经胚拯救产生单倍体植株,研究了1/2MS培养基中幼胚取材时期、幼胚大小、4℃处理时间、暗处理时间对单倍体胚培养再生成苗的影响,结果表明:授粉后12天~16天取材的幼胚经胚拯救后成苗率无明显差异;0.5mm~1.0mm大小的幼胚成苗率显著高于0mm~0.5mm和1.0mm~1.5mm大小的幼胚成苗率;1天~3天短期4℃处理对胚萌发具有一定促进作用,但处理3天后,出愈率和成苗率降低;胚培养过程中12天左右的24h暗处理能有效提高成苗率。     

不同光质对毛脉酸模中蒽醌类成分的影响

通过红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色滤光膜对毛脉酸模进行遮膜处理。采用高效液相色谱法对毛脉酸模根样品中的蒽醌类成分含量进行测定,研究光质对毛脉酸模根次生代谢产物蒽醌类成分的影响。进行了方差分析。二年生黄膜处理中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组及空白组。一年生空白组及对照组中蒽醌类成分含量显著性高于处理组。结果表明黄膜处理显著提高二年生毛脉酸模中中蒽醌类成分含量。     

Effects of general,specific and combined warm-up on explosive muscular performance

The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of general, specific and combined warm-up (WU) on explosive performance. Healthy male (n = 10) subjects participated in six WU protocols in a crossover randomized study design. Protocols were: passive rest (PR; 15 min of passive rest), running (Run; 5 min of running at 70% of maximum heart rate), stretching (STR; 5 min of static stretching exercise), jumping [Jump; 5 min of jumping exercises – 3x8 countermovement jumps (CMJ) and 3x8 drop jumps from 60 cm (DJ60)], and combined (COM; protocols Run+STR+Jump combined). Immediately before and after each WU, subjects were assessed for explosive concentric-only (i.e. squat jump – SJ), slow stretch-shortening cycle (i.e. CMJ), fast stretch-shortening cycle (i.e. DJ60) and contact time (CT) muscle performance. PR significantly reduced SJ performance (p =0.007). Run increased SJ (p =0.0001) and CMJ (p =0.002). STR increased CMJ (p =0.048). Specific WU (i.e. Jump) increased SJ (p =0.001), CMJ (p =0.028) and DJ60 (p =0.006) performance. COM increased CMJ performance (p =0.006). Jump was superior in SJ performance vs. PR (p =0.001). Jump reduced (p =0.03) CT in DJ60. In conclusion, general, specific and combined WU increase slow stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) muscle performance, but only specific WU increases fast SSC muscle performance. Therefore, to increase fast SSC performance, specific fast SSC muscle actions must be included during the WU.