The tomato Cf-9 disease resistance gene functions in tobacco and potato to confer responsiveness to the fungal avirulence gene product avr 9

The Cf-9 gene encodes an extracytoplasmic leucine-rich repeat protein that confers resistance in tomato to races of the fungus Cladosporium fulvum that express the corresponding avirulence gene Avr 9. We investigated whether the genomic Cf-9 gene functions in potato and tobacco. Transgenic tobacco and potato plants carrying Cf-9 exhibit a rapid hypersensitive cell death response (HR) to Avr 9 peptide injection. Cf 9 tobacco plants were reciprocally crossed to Avr 9-producing tobacco. A developmentally regulated seedling lethal phenotype occurred in F1 progeny when Cf9 was used as the male parent and Avr 9 as the female parent. However, when Cf9 was inherited in the maternal tissue and a heterozygous Avr 9 plant was used as the pollen donor, a much earlier reaction was caused, leading to no germination of any F1 seed. Detailed analysis of the Avr 9-induced responses in Cf 9 tobacco leaves revealed that (1) most mesophyll cells died within 3 hr (compared with 12 to 16 hr in tomato); (2) the macroscopic HR was visible at an Avr 9 titer five times lower than that which caused visible symptoms in tomato; (3) the HR invariably extended into noninjected panels of the tobacco leaf; (4) no HR occurred in leaves of young tobacco plants; (5) in older plants, the HR was dramatically enhanced by sequential Avr 9 challenges; and (6) coexpression of a salicylate hydroxylase transgene (nahG) from Pseudomonas putida reduced the severity of the macroscopic leaf HR and also restored germination to Cf 9 x 35S:Avr 9 F1 seedlings. Simultaneous introduction of Cf-9 homologs (Hcr 9-9 genes A and B or D) along with the native Cf-9 gene did not alter the responses that were specifically induced by Avr 9. Various ways to use the Cf-9-Avr 9 gene combination to engineer broad-spectrum disease resistance in several solanaceous species are discussed.     

天花粉蛋白R122G突变体的构建及活性研究

天花粉蛋白Ｒ１２２Ｇ突变体的构建及活性研究袁惠东１柯一保孔梅柯欣永夏其昌１张祖传１聂慧玲＊（中国科学院上海细胞生物学研究所,上海２０００３１;１中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）关键词天花粉蛋白;突变体;ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶天花粉蛋白（ｔｒ...     

Specific glycanforms of type IX collagen accumulate in embryonic chick sterna after 17 days of development

Type IX collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix of cartilage where it occurs at the surfaces of type II collagen fibrils as a glycanated molecule. The function of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chain of the molecule is, however, unknown. We have shown that type IX collagen in chicken sternal cartilage is synthesized with a unimodal distribution of GAG chain size, but at post 17 days of development three predominant glycanforms of type IX collagen accumulate. Such accumulation did not occur in sterna from day 15 embryos. In day 17 embryos predominant glycanforms were found in the caudal region of the sternum. By day 19 of development the three predominant glycanforms are widespread throughout the caudal and cephalic regions. The results indicate that developmental and anatomical changes occur to type IX collagen that depend on the size of the GAG chain attached to the alpha2(IX) chain of the molecule.      

β-烟酰胺单核苷酸的生理活性与合成研究进展

烟酰胺单核苷酸(nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN)作为辅酶Ⅰ(即NAD+)的关键前体之一,广泛存在于多种生物中,β异构体为其活性形式。研究表明β-NMN在多种生理代谢过程中起关键作用,作为抗衰老、改善退行性疾病和代谢性疾病的潜在活性物质,β-NMN的应用价值被深度发掘,实现规模化生产迫在眉睫。生物合成法因其具有高立体结构选择性、反应条件温和、副产物少等优点,成为合成β-NMN的首选方法。本文综述了β-NMN的生理活性、化学合成法和生物合成法,其中重点介绍生物合成法中涉及到的代谢途径,旨在探索利用合成生物学优化β-NMN生产策略的潜力,为β-NMN的代谢途径研究与高效生产提供理论基础。     

杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性实验

采用静态换水法研究了杀虫剂敌敌畏、除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙(Microhyla ornata)蝌蚪的急性毒性影响。结果表明,杀虫剂敌敌畏对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的24-h、48-h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为3．91μl／l和1．97μ/l;除草剂丁草胺对饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪的24-h LC50和48-h LC50分别为3．37μl／1和1．88μl／1,饰纹姬蛙蝌蚪对丁草胺的敏感性稍大于敌敌畏。     

骚扰阿蚊生物学的实验室研究

选育采自上海的骚扰阿蚊实验室品系,成蚊可在26×20×20cm蚊笼内饲养繁殖.该品系蚊虫在实验室养殖条件下:卵、幼虫及蛹期分别为4.02天、9.79天和3.99天.孵化、化蛹及羽化率分别为80.25%、82.66%和97.42%.成蚊的性比为1.00.喂糖水雌蚊、喂鼠血雌蚊和雄蚊的寿命分别为29.27天、61.96天和28.75天.成蚊一生平均产卵1.4次,每蚊平均产卵163.28粒.各变态期转换时间具有明显的昼夜节律,孵化和羽化主要在白昼而产卵,蜕皮及化蛹集中在黑夜.     

长江中下游江滩防洪林对钉螺分布密度影响

调查发现在血吸虫疫区江滩主要防洪林有枫杨林、意杨林、旱柳林和芦苇林。在每一林地内取5块样地(20m×20m),每块样地均设5个样方(1m×1m),统计林底植物种类及盖度,测定样地光照和土壤湿度。同时在每个样方内随机设置一平方尺（即0.11m2）的样框调查地表钉螺数并统计其死亡率。经统计分析得出: (1) 疫区江滩枫杨林钉螺密度(每0.11m2内个数)与意杨林、旱柳林和芦苇林的差值置信区间分别为8.2809－18.2309、-0.7622－1.6462和5.3190－13.3809;(2) 枫杨林下常见的9种植物中, 益母草、葎草、紫苏、夹竹桃、篓蒿等与钉螺呈负相关,其中夹竹桃、益母草与钉螺显著负相关,化感作用明显;虉草、水芹、鸡矢藤和木贼呈正相关;(3)枫杨林群落生态因子与钉螺的相关性表现为： 最适宜于钉螺孳生的光照为5×100－15×100lx、土壤湿度为20%－40% 、林底植被盖度为40%－70%;(4)室内对照实验显示, 枫杨鲜叶0.5%浓度水浸液抑螺效果在6d后为84%,优于同浓度凋落物的42.7%钉螺死亡率。上述研究结果可为改善防洪林群落结构,增强防洪林群落抑螺效果提供参考依据。     

用随机6肽库筛选HGVE2抗原表位

利用抗 HGV E2区的 3株单克隆抗体 M6、M1 3、M30作为筛选配基 ,对随机 6肽库进行亲和筛选 . 3轮筛选的投入产出比逐轮升高至 3.5× 1 0 -3、假阳性率逐轮降低至 0 .4% ,提示具有良好的富集效果 .从第 3轮随机挑出 1 2个克隆进行功能鉴定 ,结果表明 8个克隆与 M6抗体有较强的特异性结合力并有较好的竞争抑制作用 ,测序发现它们的外源肽具有核心序列 :WA( W/Y) WXH,该序列与 HGV同源性低 ;用外源肽与核心序列相似的噬菌体克隆 P6GC9做竞争抑制试验 ,约 3×1 0 10个噬菌体即可较好地抑制 M6单抗与 HGV抗原结合 .该多肽可能是 HGV E2区识别 M6单抗并具有一定功能的模拟表位 .