全文获取类型
收费全文 | 700篇 |
免费 | 72篇 |
专业分类
772篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 4篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 17篇 |
2015年 | 30篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 41篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 17篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 43篇 |
2006年 | 37篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 40篇 |
2003年 | 25篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 16篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有772条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Vieira AR Avila JR Daack-Hirsch S Dragan E Félix TM Rahimov F Harrington J Schultz RR Watanabe Y Johnson M Fang J O'Brien SE Orioli IM Castilla EE Fitzpatrick DR Jiang R Marazita ML Murray JC 《PLoS genetics》2005,1(6):e64
Nonsyndromic or isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) occurs in wide geographic distribution with an average birth prevalence of 1/700. We used direct sequencing as an approach to study candidate genes for CL/P. We report here the results of sequencing on 20 candidate genes for clefts in 184 cases with CL/P selected with an emphasis on severity and positive family history. Genes were selected based on expression patterns, animal models, and/or role in known human clefting syndromes. For seven genes with identified coding mutations that are potentially etiologic, we performed linkage disequilibrium studies as well in 501 family triads (affected child/mother/father). The recently reported MSX1 P147Q mutation was also studied in an additional 1,098 cleft cases. Selected missense mutations were screened in 1,064 controls from unrelated individuals on the Centre d'Étude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) diversity cell line panel. Our aggregate data suggest that point mutations in these candidate genes are likely to contribute to 6% of isolated clefts, particularly those with more severe phenotypes (bilateral cleft of the lip with cleft palate). Additional cases, possibly due to microdeletions or isodisomy, were also detected and may contribute to clefts as well. Sequence analysis alone suggests that point mutations in FOXE1, GLI2, JAG2, LHX8, MSX1, MSX2, SATB2, SKI, SPRY2, and TBX10 may be rare causes of isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate, and the linkage disequilibrium data support a larger, as yet unspecified, role for variants in or near MSX2, JAG2, and SKI. This study also illustrates the need to test large numbers of controls to distinguish rare polymorphic variants and prioritize functional studies for rare point mutations. 相似文献
73.
FKBP12 binding to RyR1 modulates excitation-contraction coupling in mouse skeletal myotubes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Avila G Lee EH Perez CF Allen PD Dirksen RT 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2003,278(25):22600-22608
The skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel or ryanodine receptor (RyR1) binds four molecules of FKBP12, and the interaction of FKBP12 with RyR1 regulates both unitary and coupled gating of the channel. We have characterized the physiologic effects of previously identified mutations in RyR1 that disrupt FKBP12 binding (V2461G and V2461I) on excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis following their expression in skeletal myotubes derived from RyR1-knockout (dyspedic) mice. Wild-type RyR1-, V246I-, and V2461G-expressing myotubes exhibited similar resting Ca2+ levels and maximal responses to caffeine (10 mm) and cyclopiazonic acid (30 microm). However, maximal voltage-gated Ca2+ release in V2461G-expressing myotubes was reduced by approximately 50% compared with that attributable to wild-type RyR1 (deltaF/Fmax = 1.6 +/- 0.2 and 3.1 +/- 0.4, respectively). Dyspedic myotubes expressing the V2461I mutant protein, that binds FKBP12.6 but not FKBP12, exhibited a comparable reduction in voltage-gated SR Ca2+ release (deltaF/Fmax = 1.0 +/- 0.1). However, voltage-gated Ca2+ release in V2461I-expressing myotubes was restored to a normal level (deltaF/Fmax = 2.9 +/- 0.6) following co-expression of FKBP12.6. None of the mutations that disrupted FKBP binding to RyR1 significantly affected RyR1-mediated enhancement of L-type Ca2+ channel activity (retrograde coupling). These data demonstrate that FKBP12 binding to RyR1 enhances the gain of skeletal muscle EC coupling. 相似文献
74.
J Avila 《Life sciences》1992,50(5):327-334
Microtubules, with intermediate filaments and microfilaments, are the components of the cell skeleton which determinates the shape of a cell. Microtubules are involved in different functions including the assembly of mitotic spindle, in dividing cells, or axon extension, in neurons. In the first case, microtubules are highly dynamic, while in the second case microtubules are quite stable, suggesting that microtubule with different physical properties (stability) are involved in different functions. Thus, to understand the mechanisms of microtubule functions it is very important to understand microtubule dynamics. Historically, tubulin, the main component of microtubules, was first characterized as the major component of the mitotic spindle that binds to colchicine. Afterwards, it was found that tubulin is particularly more abundant in brain than in other tissues. Therefore, the roles of microtubules in mitosis, and in neurons, have been more extensively analyzed and, in this review, these roles will be discussed. 相似文献
75.
Novel role for amphiregulin in protection from liver injury 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Berasain C García-Trevijano ER Castillo J Erroba E Santamaría M Lee DC Prieto J Avila MA 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2005,280(19):19012-19020
76.
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that can invade the intestinal mucosa. Infection induces production of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies that can diminish the adhesion between E. histolytica trophozoites and epithelial cells in vitro and reduce the rate of new infections in children. SIgA antibodies produced by asymptomatic cyst carriers could play a protective role against the damage caused by E. histolytica. To identify membrane antigens capable of inducing SIgA response in E. histolytica cyst carriers, salivary SIgA antibodies were confronted with blotted plasma membrane proteins from amebae. A surface 115-kDa ameba protein was recognized by 62% of the human SIgA antibodies tested. The 115-kDa protein is not a mannose-containing glycoprotein and has no protease activity. Rabbit anti-115-kDa protein antibodies were capable of reducing erythrophagocytosis but were unable to protect culture cells from the cytopathic damage caused by E. histolytica. However, anti-115-kDa protein antibodies induced surface receptor redistribution. 相似文献
77.
Flisser A Viniegra AE Aguilar-Vega L Garza-Rodriguez A Maravilla P Avila G 《The Journal of parasitology》2004,90(4):914-916
The tapeworms of the genus Taenia that infect human beings are T. solium, T. saginata and T. saginata asiatica. Taenia solium and T. saginata exhibit unequivocal features that characterize them; in contrast, only recent DNA studies, morphological characteristics, and epidemiological and sanitary aspects indicate that T. saginata asiatica is a subspecies of T. saginata. These 3 tapeworms occur in humans in their adult stage, and the intermediate hosts are pigs for T. solium and T. saginata asiatica and cows for T. saginata. Their identification is crucial considering the migratory increase from Asia to the Western Hemisphere and the fact that these tapeworms coexist in the same environment in Asia; furthermore, it is estimated that movement in both directions across the United States-Mexico border exceeds 200 million persons per yr, and thus, opportunities for acquiring and transporting T. solium infections are multiplied. It is not easy to distinguish among these tapeworms; therefore, a comparative diagram of the 3 parasites is shown in this article, which will facilitate their identification. All morphological features, some of which allow for identification, are clear and can be easily distinguished among the 3 tapeworms. 相似文献
78.
Miguel E. Avila Fernando J. Sepúlveda Carlos F. Burgos Gustavo Moraga-Cid Jorge Parodi Randall T. Moon Luis G. Aguayo Carlos Opazo Giancarlo V. De Ferrari 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(24):18939-18947
A role for Wnt signal transduction in the development and maintenance of brain structures is widely acknowledged. Recent studies have suggested that Wnt signaling may be essential for synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission. However, the direct effect of a Wnt protein on synaptic transmission had not been demonstrated. Here we show that nanomolar concentrations of purified Wnt3a protein rapidly increase the frequency of miniature excitatory synaptic currents in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons through a mechanism involving a fast influx of calcium from the extracellular space, induction of post-translational modifications on the machinery involved in vesicle exocytosis in the presynaptic terminal leading to spontaneous Ca2+ transients. Our results identify the Wnt3a protein and a member of its complex receptor at the membrane, the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) coreceptor, as key molecules in neurotransmission modulation and suggest cross-talk between canonical and Wnt/Ca2+ signaling in central neurons. 相似文献
79.
Doglio LE Kanwar R Jackson GR Perez M Avila J Dingwall C Dotti CG Fortini ME Feiguin F 《Neuron》2006,50(3):359-375
Genetic analysis of familial Alzheimer's disease has revealed that mutations in the gamma-secretase enzyme presenilin promote toxic Abeta secretion; however, presenilin mutations might also influence tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration through gamma-secretase-independent mechanisms. To address this possibility and determine whether other components of the gamma-secretase complex possess similar regulatory functions, we analyzed the roles of presenilin, nicastrin, and aph-1 in a Drosophila model for tau-induced neurodegeneration. Here, we show that presenilin and nicastrin prevent tau toxicity by modulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta phosphorylation pathway, whereas aph-1 regulates aPKC/PAR-1 activities. Moreover, we found that these transmembrane proteins differentially regulate the intracellular localization of GSK3beta and aPKC at cell junctions. Inhibition of gamma-secretase activity neither interfered with these kinase pathways nor induced aberrant tau phosphorylation. These results establish new in vivo molecular functions for the three components of the gamma-secretase complex and reveal a different mechanism that might contribute to neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
80.
Bovine ectopic testis tissue grafting is a technique that can be used to study bovine spermatogenesis and for the production of germ cells for a variety of applications. Approximately 10% of seminiferous tubule cross sections in testis grafts contain spermatids, providing a unique tool to investigate what regulates germ cell differentiation. We hypothesized that manipulation of testis tissue grafts would increase the percentage of seminiferous tubule cross sections undergoing complete germ cell differentiation. To test this hypothesis, bovine testis tissue was treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the time of grafting or explant cultured for 1 wk prior to grafting. For the VEGF experiment, 8-wk donor tissue and graft sites were treated with 1 microg of VEGF in order to increase angiogenesis at the graft site. For the testis tissue culture experiment, 4-wk-old donor testis was cultured for 1 wk prior to grafting to stimulate spermatogonial stem cell proliferation. Testis tissue grafts were removed from the mice 24 wk after grafting. VEGF treatment increased graft weight and the percentage of seminiferous tubule cross sections with elongating spermatids at the time of graft removal. Cultured testis tissue grafts were smaller and had fewer seminiferous tubules per graft. However, there was no difference in the percentage of seminiferous tubule cross sections that contained any germ cell type between groups. These data indicate for the first time that bovine testis tissue can be manipulated to better support germ cell differentiation in grafted tissue. 相似文献