Root growth dynamics of Deyeuxia angustifolia seedlings in response to water level

A greenhouse experiment was performed to investigate root growth dynamics, plant growth, root porosity and root morphology of a marsh plant Deyeuxia angustifolia, one of the dominant species in the Sanjiang Plain, China. The aim of this study was to elucidate how this plant adjusts its root system to acclimate to different hydrological environments. Experimental treatments included three water depths: −5, 0 and 5 cm (relative to the soil surface). Biomass accumulation was higher in the −5 cm (0.90 g per plant) and 0 cm water-depth (1.18 g per plant) than that in the 5 cm water-depth treatments (0.66 g per plant), indicating that plant growth was inhibited in the high water level. Root:shoot ratio (0.67 versus 0.42–0.43), the length (16 cm versus 12–13 cm) and diameter of adventitious roots (0.47 mm versus 0.41 mm), and root number (167 versus 81–119 number of roots per plant) were higher in the 0 cm water-depth than those in the high and low water-depth treatments. Enhanced water level led to slightly increased porosity of main roots, but porosity was about 7% in all treatments. After 8 weeks, roots had been distributed into 14, 11 and 7 cm soil depth in the 0, −5 and 5 cm water-depth treatments, respectively, indicating that both high and low water levels led to shallow root systems. Our data suggest that D. angustifolia can adjust root morphology and root growth pattern according to water level, and that this plant has limited oxygen diffusion potential to the roots due to the reduced biomass in the high water level.     

PTSD促进大鼠中缝背核细胞色素c表达

目的研究创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)大鼠中缝背核神经元细胞色素C(Cyt-c)的表达变化。方法应用无连续单一刺激(SPS)方法建立PTSD大鼠模型,随机分为SPS刺激后1d、4d、7d和对照组,应用酶组织化学法和RT-PCR方法观察中缝背核神经元Cyt-c的表达变化。结果光镜酶细胞化学法和RT-PCR法显示中缝背核神经元Cyt-c染色阳性细胞于SPS刺激后1d明显高于对照组,4d逐渐增高,并于7d达到高峰。电镜下显示Cyt-c阳性反应产物主要分布在中缝背核神经元线粒体膜,SPS刺激后可见Cyt-c释放到胞浆中。结论 SPS刺激引起Cyt-c在PTSD大鼠中缝背核神经元呈过表达。     

Quantitative trait loci for panicle size, heading date and plant height co-segregating in trait-performance derived near-isogenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa)

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) are ideal materials for precise estimation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects and map-based gene isolation. With the completion of the rice genome sequence, QTL isolation based on NILs is becoming a routine. In this study, a trait-performance derived NIL strategy was adopted to develop NILs. Two plants were identified within one inbred line of recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F₇ generation), exhibiting a significant difference in panicle size. By marker screening of the whole genome the genetic background of the two plants was estimated to be 98.7% identical. These two plants were selected as parents to produce a near-isogenic F₂ (NIL-F₂) population, consisting of 125 individuals, in which spikelets per panicle (SPP), grains per panicle (GPP), heading date (HD) and plant height (PH) were recorded. These four traits expressed discontinuous or bimodal distribution in the NIL-F₂ population and followed the expected segregation ratios for a single Mendelian factor by progeny tests. A partial dominant QTL for the four traits was mapped to the same interval flanked by RM310 and RM126 on chromosome 8. The QTL region explained 83.0, 80.2, 94.9 and 93.8% of trait variation of SPP, GPP, HD and PH in the progenies, respectively. Progeny tests also confirmed co-segregation of QTL for the four traits, tall plants consistently flowering late and carrying large panicles. Different NILs development strategies are discussed.     

紫外分光光度法测定牛黄中胆酸的研究

本文研究了用紫外分光光度法测定牛黄中胆酸的实验条件和方法。     

培养时间对蛹拟青霉(Paecilomyces militaris)菌丝体中代谢产物的影响

[目的]通过测定不同培养时间蛹拟青霉(Paecilomyces militaris)菌丝体中次级代谢产物的变化,分析蛹拟青霉次级代谢产物与培养时间之间的关系.[方法]液体种子接入SDAY固体培养基 ;培养温度为25℃,培养周期为9d,从第2天开始每天取样 ;用甲醇与乙酸乙酯分别提取菌丝体中次级代谢产物,离心、过滤后合并提取液,用液质联用仪进行分析,用MetaboAnalyst software软件进行数据采集分析.[结果]主成分分析结果表明供试菌株在不同培养时间内其菌丝中次级代谢产物差异显著.聚类分析结果显示,供试拟青霉对生物碱、肽类和核苷等易形成阳离子类物质的代谢物可分为前中后三个阶段.供试拟青霉对糖类和有机酸等易形成阴离子类物质的代谢主要分为前后两个阶段.差异代谢物及热图分析结果表明,在培养的第2和第3天含量显著增加的代谢产物种类较多,主要有酯类及其水解产物、细胞破坏素B和拟青霉素,以及多种尚未鉴定的含氮化合物等 ;在培养第4和第5天含量显著增加的差异代谢物质种类较少,主要有细胞破坏素A和团囊虫草素等肽类抗菌杀虫物质 ;在培养第6天至第9天含量显著增加的代谢物种类较多,除多种白僵菌交酯和细胞破坏素等肽类抗生素外,显著增加的还有多种脂肪酸、氨基酸、鼠李糖、海藻糖、脑苷脂类化合物和核黄素等物质.[结论]培养时间对蛹拟青霉菌丝中次级代谢产物的产生有显著影响.在培养初期,菌体中酯类及细胞破坏素B和拟青霉素等含氮化合物的合成旺盛.在培养中期,次生代谢物明显减少,但细胞破坏素A2和团囊虫草素等肽类抗生素的合成却仍显著增多.在培养后期,供试蛹拟青霉除代谢出多种白僵菌交酯等肽类抗生素外,还大量产生有机酸、氨基酸和海藻糖等物质.虽然在整个培养过程中都有肽类抗生素产生,但这些抗生素并不相同,同时后一阶段新的抗生素的产生常常伴随着前一阶段的抗生素减少,因此前期的抗生素可能是后期产生的抗生素的前体.     

The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry6A on the survival, growth, reproduction, locomotion, and behavioral response of Caenorhabditis elegans

Several families of crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis exhibit nematicidal activity. Cry5B protein, a pore-forming toxin, has been intensively studied yielding many insights into the mode of action of crystal protein at molecular level and pathogenesis of pore-forming toxins. However, little attention was paid to Cry6A, another representative nematicidal crystal protein. Cry6A shares very low homology with Cry5B at amino acid sequence and probably acts in a distinct pathway from Cry5B and even the other main commercial crystal proteins. In the current study, we comprehensively investigated the nematicidal properties of Cry6Aa2 against the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and examined the physical response of C. elegans to Cry6Aa2 attack. Our results indicate that Cry6Aa2 exhibits high lethal activity to C. elegans and could cause detrimental effects on C. elegans, including obviously suppressed growth, decreased brood size, and even abnormal motility. Meanwhile, our study additionally shows that C. elegans could defend against the Cry6Aa2 toxin harmful threat through behavioral defense responses, such as reduced oral uptake and physical avoidance. In general, this study suggests that Cry6Aa2 possesses diverse nematicidal properties, which strongly indicates that Cry6Aa2 is a promising potential candidate of nematicidal agent. Moreover, this study highlights the importance of behavioral responses in defense of C. elegans for survival and demonstrates the key role of crystal protein in the interaction of B. thuringiensis–C. elegans. These findings could shed light on understanding the interaction of C. elegans with B. thuringiensis and provide a perfect model to study the role of pathogenic factor in the interaction of pathogen–host.     

Genetic map of Triticum turgidum based on a hexaploid wheat population without genetic recombination for D genome

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: A synthetic doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population, SynDH1, derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid F1 hybrid plants obtained from the cross of hybrids Triticum turgidum ssp. durum line Langdon (LDN) and ssp. turgidum line AS313, with Aegilops tauschii ssp. tauschii accession AS60, was previously constructed. SynDH1 is a tetraploidization-hexaploid doubled haploid (DH) population because it contains recombinant A and B chromosomes from two different T. turgidum genotypes, while all the D chromosomes from Ae. tauschii are homogenous across the whole population. This paper reports the construction of a genetic map using this population. RESULTS: Of the 606 markers used to assemble the genetic map, 588 (97%) were assigned to linkage groups. These included 513 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers, 72 simple sequence repeat (SSR), one insertion site-based polymorphism (ISBP), and two high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) markers. These markers were assigned to the 14 chromosomes, covering 2048.79 cM, with a mean distance of 3.48 cM between adjacent markers. This map showed good coverage of the A and B genome chromosomes, apart from 3A, 5A, 6A, and 4B. Compared with previously reported maps, most shared markers showed highly consistent orders. This map was successfully used to identify five quantitative trait loci (QTL), including two for spikelet number on chromosomes 7A and 5B, two for spike length on 7A and 3B, and one for 1000-grain weight on 4B. However, differences in crossability QTL between the two T. turgidum parents may explain the segregation distortion regions on chromosomes 1A, 3B, and 6B. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic map of T. turgidum including 588 markers was constructed using a synthetic doubled haploid (SynDH) hexaploid wheat population. Five QTLs for three agronomic traits were identified from this population. However, more markers are needed to increase the density and resolution of this map in the future study.     

痛觉的脑功能成像研究进展

本文综述了近年来关于痛觉功能性脑成像的研究进展,痛觉的感觉辨别成分似与外侧丘脑、初级和次级躯体感觉区及岛叶皮层有关,而伤害性信息的认知－注意过程则与顶叶后部和前额中皮层有关。扣带回的不同部分调节着痛觉认知和情感的不同方面。文章最后对临床各种疼痛特别是神经源性痛病人的成像研究进行了分析。     

柠檬醛损伤黄曲霉线粒体生化机理的研究

应用生物化学方法并结合扫描电镜,研究柠檬醛掺入黄曲霉细胞,并通过损伤线粒体(Mt),导致抑制其生长的机理。结果表明,在药物致敏浓度时,菌丝体经该醛作用后,胞内Mt呈不规则增多,氧化还原反应系统受到破坏,与对照组相比,柠檬醛组的琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinate Dehydrogenase,SDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(Malate Dehydrogenase,MDH)活性分别呈不可逆下降271%和242%,随着药物浓度的升高,SDH、MDH的活性直至消失;以琥珀酸、α酮戊二酸和丙酮酸为底物时,线粒体呼吸速率分别下降24.1%、14.3%和36.1%,提示柠檬醛能使菌丝体DNA、RNA、脂类和蛋白质等生物合成受到抑制,促进细胞死亡。     

SHP2及其在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用

SHP2是一种非受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶,其介导的信号转导异常与多种疾病包括肿瘤的发生和发展密切相关,对SHP2的深入研究有助于对其作用机制的阐明以及潜在药物学靶点的发现。本文简要介绍了SHP2的结构、功能及其介导的Ras/ERK信号通路,并着重阐述了SHP2与乳腺癌发展的关系。