‘红阳’猕猴桃叶盘高频直接再生体系的建立

以‘红阳’猕猴桃雌株幼叶为外植体,直接诱导产生不定芽,并对不定芽增殖以及生根体系进行优化,建立了高频再生体系。结果表明,在MS+3.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA培养基中,不定芽诱导率达100％,平均出芽数达18.67个/叶盘;在MS+2.0 mg/L BA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.1 mg/L GA3培养基中,增殖率达100％,1~6代不定芽平均繁殖系数达8.63;不定芽在1/2 MS+0.8 mg/L IBA培养基中培养15 d,然后继代至含1/2 MS液体培养基的珍珠岩中培养15 d,生根率达100％,且其根系发育良好;98株试管苗移栽到土壤盆钵中,成活95株,成活率达96.94％。本试验成功建立了红阳猕猴桃叶片高频直接再生体系,该体系诱导产生不定芽周期短,出芽率高,不定芽增殖系数大,生根率高且根系发达,为红阳猕猴桃试管苗的工厂化生产和遗传转化奠定了基础。     

Copper-induced germline apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans: The independent roles of DNA damage response signaling and the dependent roles of MAPK cascades

Excess copper is toxic to life. Copper has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell lines and tissues. However, due to the lack of appropriate gene knockout animal models, data concerning the underlying pathways of copper-induced apoptosis are insufficient, especially with regards to in vivo systems. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a good model to study basic biological processes, including stress responses and apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated copper-induced germline apoptosis in the C. elegans strains carrying mutated alleles of homologs to known mammalian genes that are involved in apoptosis regulation. We show here that exposing C. elegans to copper causes dose- and time-dependent germline apoptosis. The knockout of checkpoint genes hus-1, clk-2, the Bcl-2 homolog ced-9, and the BH3-only domain egl-1 did not prevent cells of the germline from copper-induced apoptosis. The loss-of-function of the tumor suppressor gene, p53/cep-1, caused a significant increase in germline apoptosis with exposure to copper, and the depletion of p53 antagonist ABL1 significantly enhanced apoptosis. The knockout of the caspase gene ced-3 and the Apaf-1 homolog ced-4 abrogated both copper-induced and physiological germline apoptosis. Germline apoptosis stopped increase in the strains lin-45(ku51), mek-2(n1989), mpk-1(ku1) under copper stresses, respectively. Copper-induced apoptosis was blocked in the loss-of-function alleles of both JNK and p38 MAPK cascades excepting pmk-3, one of the three p38 MAPK components. Together, the results of this study suggest that caspase and Apaf-1 are required for copper-induced germline apoptosis while DNA damage response genes are not essential, and that the Raf-MEK-ERK, ASK1/2-MKK7-JNK, ASK1/2-MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathways are indispensable in mediating this apoptotic response.     

Growing season net ecosystem CO2 exchange of two desert ecosystems with alkaline soils in Kazakhstan

Central Asia is covered by vast desert ecosystems, and the majority of these ecosystems have alkaline soils. Their contribution to global net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) is of significance simply because of their immense spatial extent. Some of the latest research reported considerable abiotic CO₂ absorption by alkaline soil, but the rate of CO₂ absorption has been questioned by peer communities. To investigate the issue of carbon cycle in Central Asian desert ecosystems with alkaline soils, we have measured the NEE using eddy covariance (EC) method at two alkaline sites during growing season in Kazakhstan. The diurnal course of mean monthly NEE followed a clear sinusoidal pattern during growing season at both sites. Both sites showed significant net carbon uptake during daytime on sunny days with high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but net carbon loss at nighttime and on cloudy and rainy days. NEE has strong dependency on PAR and the response of NEE to precipitation resulted in an initial and significant carbon release to the atmosphere, similar to other ecosystems. These findings indicate that biotic processes dominated the carbon processes, and the contribution of abiotic carbon process to net ecosystem CO₂ exchange may be trivial in alkaline soil desert ecosystems over Central Asia.     

运动性骨骼肌疲劳亚细胞机制的探讨

本实验采用持续性下坡跑运动,观察大鼠骨骼肌运动后不同时相线粒体形态、代谢、机能等指标的变化,结果表明：大鼠运动后即刻线粒体钙含量、细胞膜丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）值明显增加,ＡＴＰ含量和细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性下降;运动后２４ｈ线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值增加最明显,ＡＴＰ含量仍未恢复,细胞膜Ｎａ＋,Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性基本恢复,线粒体体密度、平均体积比运动前明显增加,比表面缩小;运动后４８ｈＡＴＰ含量完全恢复,线粒体钙含量、ＭＤＡ值开始恢复。本研究结果提示,急性运动引起的细胞膜脂质过氧化加强、线粒体形态、代谢机能异常抑制线粒体氧化磷酸化过程、减少ＡＴＰ生成可能是运动性骨骼肌疲劳的亚细胞机制之一。耐力训练可以通过改善线粒体形态、代谢、机能提高机体的运动能力。     

康氏木霉基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

采用3种常规DNA提取方法提取瑞氏木霉基因组DNA。结果表明:冷冻研磨CTAB法更适合此真菌DNA的提取,试剂盒提取的总DNA纯度和浓度也较高,但是价格昂贵,饱和酚抽提法提取的DNA浓度不高,且易有降解现象,不适合分子生物学操作的要求。     

Diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the leachate of a full-scale recirculating landfill as examined by direct 16S rRNA gene sequence retrieval

The diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the effluent leachate from a full-scale recirculating landfill was characterized by direct 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) retrieval. Total-community DNA was extracted from the microbial assemblages in the landfill leachate, and archaeal 16S rDNAs were amplified with a universally conserved primer and an Archaea-specific primer. The amplification product was then used to construct a 16S rDNA clone library, and 70 randomly selected archaeal clones in the library were grouped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of representatives from each unique RFLP type showed that the archaeal library was dominated by methanogen-like rDNAs. Represented in the kingdom of Euryarchaeota were phylotypes highly similar to the methanogenic genera Methanoculleus, Methanosarcina, Methanocorpusculum, Methanospirillum and Methanogenium, where the clone distribution was 48, 11, 3, 1 and 1, respectively. No sequences related to known Methanosaeta spp. were retrieved. Four rDNA clones were not affiliated with the known methanogenic Archaea, but instead, they were clustered with the uncultured archaeal sequences recently recovered from anaerobic habitats. Two chimeric sequences were identified among the clones analyzed.     

马铃薯块茎组织特异性启动子的克隆及序列分析

利用PCR技术从马铃薯陇薯3号基因组DNA中扩增出长度约为1.0 kb的DNA片段,经与T载体连接,测序表明,克隆到的DNA片段大小为969 bp,该序列与GenBank中已公布的patatin启动子序列同源性为97.94％;采用植物顺式调控元件数据库PLACE和PlantCare进行序列分析,结果表明,该片段含有启动子的保守序列TATA-box和CAAT-box,且在CAAT-box上游有8 bp的增强子.此外,还具有马铃薯块茎蛋白patatin基因启动子保守调控序列的蔗糖效应元件(SURE)4个及马铃薯储藏物特异结合调控patatin蛋白表达位点(B-box)2个,而这些特异序列可能是基因特异表达所必须的.     

植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因原核表达载体构建及表达

旨在构建植原体免疫主导膜蛋白Imp基因原核表达载体,并进行初步表达。以重组克隆质粒pMD18-T-Imp为模板,PCR扩增Imp基因片段。构建表达载体pET-28a(+)-Imp,转化宿主菌E.coliBL21(DE3)。筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒作PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定及IPTG诱导表达鉴定。PCR及双酶切结果显示,重组质粒pET-28a(+)-Imp构建成功。经IPTG诱导BL21(pET-28a(+)-Imp)表达约20 kD的蛋白,与预期的携带6×His-Tag的目的蛋白(19.5 kD)大小相符,主要以包涵体形式存在。结果显示,构建的表达载体pET-28a(+)-Imp在E.coliBL21(DE3)中能够达一定量表达,为进一步纯化Imp蛋白奠定基础。     

A meta-analysis of HLA-DR polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) has been hypothesized as a multifactorial disorder initiated by an environment trigger in individuals with predisposing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Published data on the association between HLA-DR polymorphism and IDC risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of 19 case–control studies including 1,378 cases and 10,383 controls provided data on the association between HLA-DR polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to IDC. Overall, statistically elevated frequencies of HLA-DR4 (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.21–2.07; P = 0.0009) and HLA-DR5 (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.05–1.73; P = 0.02) alleles were found in patients with IDC compared with controls. Individuals with HLA-DR3 antigen have a protective effect against IDC (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.58–0.90; P = 0.004). In summary, this meta-analysis indicated that certain HLA-DR alleles may be genetic markers for susceptibility and resistance to IDC.