全文获取类型
收费全文 | 345篇 |
免费 | 27篇 |
专业分类
372篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 11篇 |
2011年 | 11篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 7篇 |
2008年 | 6篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 7篇 |
2004年 | 10篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1965年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有372条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
41.
Determination of seed vigor was attempted by comparing ATP-levels of deteriorating seed to germination percentage and production of dry matter. Immediately after imbibition of any seed lot investigated, a production of ATP took place. This ATP-accumulation invariably reached a plateau after 6 h of imbibition. Two well germinating seed lots of rape, one of cauliflower and one of sugar beet, were artificially aged by means of elevated storage temperature and humidity. Every second week through 16 weeks of deterioration the levels of ATP, ADP and AMP after 7 h of imbibition were compared with the germination percentage. While ADP- and AMP-contents of germinating seed displayed no change (when imbibed 7 h) during the period of artificial aging, seed deterioration was reflected in the ATP-levels long before loss of viability could be detected by the conventional germination test.
When ATP-levels per seed were related to germination percentage throughout the aging, all four seed lots displayed similar patterns although the absolute figures differed. In contrast to the conventional "per seed' basis, however, ATP per gram seed not only displayed similar deterioration patterns, but the absolute values were also of the same magnitude. 相似文献
When ATP-levels per seed were related to germination percentage throughout the aging, all four seed lots displayed similar patterns although the absolute figures differed. In contrast to the conventional "per seed' basis, however, ATP per gram seed not only displayed similar deterioration patterns, but the absolute values were also of the same magnitude. 相似文献
42.
Premolar teeth collected from 220 adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from western Hudson Bay, Canada, were examined to determine whether past reproductive events are recorded in cementum. The
widths of annular cementum growth layer groups (GLGs) were measured and compared as proportional width index (PWI) values
to correct for age and body size bias. Known reproductive states (pregnant, with cubs, or with yearlings) were used to confirm
and calibrate cementum annuli. Significant differences in PWI were observed between GLGs formed the year females were pregnant
versus when accompanied by cubs or yearlings. The probability of a female having produced a cub in adulthood was determined
by fitting a logistic regression model between the ΔPWI of females when pregnant and with their cubs. Logistic regression
of ΔPWI (β0 = −0.229, β1 = −13.465, G
2 = 46.55, df = 1, P < 0.001) correctly classified the presence or absence of cubs in 72% of GLGs. Cementum width did not vary between different
litter sizes. Observations of females with early litter loss suggests that longer periods of lactation contributes to decreased
cementum width and therefore cementum may record a minimum age of litter survival. Predictions of litter production rate (0.43 litters/female/year)
derived from cementum were similar to field observations; however, age at first parturition was underestimated by 1 year.
We conclude that patterns of cementum deposition may be useful to determine individual reproductive histories and establish
course estimates of reproductive parameters when regular field observations are not feasible. We also conclude that reproductive
parameters derived from cementum are not adequate on their own for monitoring populations which are in decline or under stress
and field observation should not be replaced under these conditions. 相似文献
43.
PJS Amaral LFM Finotelo EHC De Oliveira A Pissinatti CY Nagamachi JC Pieczarka 《BMC evolutionary biology》2008,8(1):169
Background
Chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and Saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus Cebus, including C. olivaceus, C. albifrons, C. apella robustus and C. apella paraguayanus. Cytogenetic studies suggested that the species of this genus have conservative karyotypes, with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 52 to 2n = 54. 相似文献44.
45.
Background
It has been argued that multibreed animal models should include a heterogeneous covariance structure. However, the estimation of the (co)variance components is not an easy task, because these parameters can not be factored out from the inverse of the additive genetic covariance matrix. An alternative model, based on the decomposition of the genetic covariance matrix by source of variability, provides a much simpler formulation. In this study, we formalize the equivalence between this alternative model and the one derived from the quantitative genetic theory. Further, we extend the model to include maternal effects and, in order to estimate the (co)variance components, we describe a hierarchical Bayes implementation. Finally, we implement the model to weaning weight data from an Angus × Hereford crossbred experiment.Methods
Our argument is based on redefining the vectors of breeding values by breed origin such that they do not include individuals with null contributions. Next, we define matrices that retrieve the null-row and the null-column pattern and, by means of appropriate algebraic operations, we demonstrate the equivalence. The extension to include maternal effects and the estimation of the (co)variance components through the hierarchical Bayes analysis are then straightforward. A FORTRAN 90 Gibbs sampler was specifically programmed and executed to estimate the (co)variance components of the Angus × Hereford population.Results
In general, genetic (co)variance components showed marginal posterior densities with a high degree of symmetry, except for the segregation components. Angus and Hereford breeds contributed with 50.26% and 41.73% of the total direct additive variance, and with 23.59% and 59.65% of the total maternal additive variance. In turn, the contribution of the segregation variance was not significant in either case, which suggests that the allelic frequencies in the two parental breeds were similar.Conclusion
The multibreed maternal animal model introduced in this study simplifies the problem of estimating (co)variance components in the framework of a hierarchical Bayes analysis. Using this approach, we obtained for the first time estimates of the full set of genetic (co)variance components. It would be interesting to assess the performance of the procedure with field data, especially when interbreed information is limited. 相似文献46.
Lunn JE Feil R Hendriks JH Gibon Y Morcuende R Osuna D Scheible WR Carillo P Hajirezaei MR Stitt M 《The Biochemical journal》2006,397(1):139-148
Tre6P (trehalose 6-phosphate) is implicated in sugar-signalling pathways in plants, but its exact functions in vivo are uncertain. One of the main obstacles to discovering these functions is the difficulty of measuring the amount of Tre6P in plant tissues. We have developed a highly specific assay, using liquid chromatography coupled to MS-Q3 (triple quadrupole MS), to measure Tre6P in the femto-picomole range. The Tre6P content of sucrose-starved Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in axenic culture increased from 18 to 482 pmol x g(-1) FW (fresh weight) after adding sucrose. Leaves from soil-grown plants contained 67 pmol x g(-1) FW at the end of the night, which rose to 108 pmol x g(-1)FW after 4 h of illumination. Even greater changes in Tre6P content were seen after a 6 h extension of the dark period, and in the starchless mutant, pgm. The intracellular concentration of Tre6P in wild-type leaves was estimated to range from 1 to 15 microM. It has recently been reported that the addition of Tre6P to isolated chloroplasts leads to redox activation of AGPase (ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase) [Kolbe, Tiessen, Schluepmann, Paul, Ulrich and Geigenberger (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 11118-11123]. Using the new assay for Tre6P, we found that rising sugar levels in plants are accompanied by increases in the level of Tre6P, redox activation of AGPase and the stimulation of starch synthesis in vivo. These results indicate that Tre6P acts as a signalling metabolite of sugar status in plants, and support the proposal that Tre6P mediates sucrose-induced changes in the rate of starch synthesis. 相似文献
47.
CTPS (cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase) catalyses the ATP-dependent formation of CTP from UTP using either ammonia or L-glutamine as the nitrogen source. Binding of the substrates ATP and UTP, or the product CTP, promotes oligomerization of CTPS from inactive dimers to active tetramers. In the present study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the fully conserved glycine residues 142 and 143 within the UTP-binding site and 146 within the CTP-binding site of Escherchia coli CTPS. CD spectral analyses of wild-type CTPS and the glycine mutants showed a slight reduction of approximately 15% in alpha-helical content for G142A and G143A relative to G146A and wild-type CTPS, suggesting some local alterations in structure. Relative to wild-type CTPS, the values of k(cat)/K(m) for ammonia-dependent and glutamine-dependent CTP formation catalysed by G143A were reduced 22- and 16-fold respectively, whereas the corresponding values for G146A were reduced only 1.4- and 1.8-fold respectively. The glutaminase activity (k(cat)) of G146A was similar to that exhibited by the wild-type enzyme, whereas that of G143A was reduced 7.5-fold. G146A exhibited substrate inhibition at high concentrations of ammonia and a partial uncoupling of glutamine hydrolysis from CTP production. Although the apparent affinity (1/[S](0.5)) of G143A and G146A for UTP was reduced approximately 4-fold, G146A exhibited increased co-operativity with respect to UTP. Thus mutations in the CTP-binding site can affect UTP-dependent activity. Surprisingly, G142A was inactive with both ammonia and glutamine as substrates. Gel-filtration HPLC experiments revealed that both G143A and G146A were able to form active tetramers in the presence of ATP and UTP; however, nucleotide-dependent tetramerization of G142A was significantly impaired. Our observations highlight the sensitivity of the structure of CTPS to mutations in the UTP- and CTP-binding sites, with Gly(142) being critical for nucleotide-dependent oligomerization of CTPS to active tetramers. This 'structural sensitivity' may limit the number and/or types of mutations that could be selected for during the development of resistance to cytotoxic pyrimidine nucleotide analogues. 相似文献
48.
49.
50.
C A Lunn J Fossetta N Murgolo P J Zavodny D Lundell S K Narula 《Protein engineering》1992,5(3):249-252
We have identified a mutation of human gamma-interferon (IFN gamma) causing a temperature-sensitive phenotype. We used a randomized oligonucleotide to mutagenize a synthetic human IFN gamma gene, then screened the resulting mutants produced in Escherichia coli for proteins with altered biological activity. One mutant protein selected for detailed characterization exhibited less than 0.3% of the specific biological activity of native IFN gamma in an antiviral activity assay performed at 37 degrees C. However, the protein bound the human IFN gamma receptor with native efficiency at 4 degrees C. Sequencing the plasmid DNA encoding this protein showed that the mutation changed the lysine residue at amino acid 43 to glutamic acid (IFN gamma/K43E). Site-specific mutagenesis at amino acid 43 showed that this protein's phenotype resulted from positioning a negative charge at position 43. Structural characterization of IFN gamma/K43E using CD demonstrated that the protein had native conformation at 25 degrees C, but assumed an altered conformation at 37 degrees C. IFN gamma/K43E in this altered conformation bound poorly to the IFN gamma receptor at 37 degrees C, providing a rationale for the mutant's decreased antiviral activity. 相似文献