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31.
Elizabeth A. Lundeen Shane A. Norris Reynaldo Martorell Parminder S. Suchdev Neil K. Mehta Linda M. Richter Aryeh D. Stein 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Importance
The impact of adolescent pregnancy on offspring birth outcomes has been widely studied, but less is known about its impact on the growth of the young mother herself.Objective
To determine the association between adolescent pregnancy and attained height.Design
Prospective birth cohort study.Setting
Cohort members followed from birth to age 20 y in Soweto, South Africa.Participant
From among 840 Black females with sufficient data, we identified 54 matched pairs, in which a girl who became pregnant before the age of 17 years was matched with a girl who did not have a pregnancy by age 20 y. Pairs were matched on age at menarche and height-for-age z scores in the year before the case became pregnant (mean 15.0 y).Main Outcome Measures
The two groups were compared with respect to attained height, measured at mean age 18.5 y.Results
Mean age at conception was 15.9 years (range: 13.7 to 16.9 y). Mean height at matching was 159.4 cm in the adolescent pregnancy group and 159.3 cm in the comparison group (p = 0.3). Mean attained height was 160.4 cm in the adolescent pregnancy group and 160.3 cm in the comparison group (p = 0.7).Conclusions
Among Black females in Soweto, South Africa, adolescent pregnancy was not associated with attained height. 相似文献32.
Kraft PJ Haynes-Johnson D Bhattacharjee S Lundeen SG Qiu Y 《The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology》2004,36(10):2086-2095
We utilized rat fetal lung fibroblasts (RFL-6) to evaluate our PDE5 inhibitors at cellular level and observed a decrease in cGMP accumulation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and PDE5 inhibitors with passage. To further investigate this observation, we examined cGMP synthesis via soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and degradation via phosphodiesterases (PDEs) at different passages. At passage (p)4, p9, p14, major cGMP and cAMP degradation activities were contributed by PDE5 and PDE4, respectively. The PDE5 activity decreased 50% from p4 to p14, while PDE4 activity doubled. The cGMP accumulation was evaluated in the presence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and/or PDE inhibitors in p4 and p14 cells. SNP together with sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, induced dose-dependent increase in cGMP levels in cells at p4, but showed little effect on cells at p14. The possible down regulation of sGC at mRNA level was explored using real-time RT-PCR. The result showed the mRNA level of the alpha1 subunit of sGC decreased about 98% by p9, while the change on beta1 mRNA was minimal. Consistently, sGC activities in cell lysate decreased by 94% at p9. Forskolin stimulated a dramatic increase in cAMP levels in cells at all passages examined. Our results show that sGC activity decreased significantly and rapidly with passage due to a down regulation of the alpha1 subunit mRNA, yet the adenylyl cyclase activity was not compromised. This study further emphasized the importance of considering passage number when using cell culture as a model system to study NO/cGMP pathway. 相似文献
33.
Paulo C Carvalho Juliana SG Fischer Emily I Chen Gilberto B Domont Maria GC Carvalho Wim M Degrave John R Yates III Valmir C Barbosa 《Proteome science》2009,7(1):6-11
Background
Spectral counting is a shotgun proteomics approach comprising the identification and relative quantitation of thousands of proteins in complex mixtures. However, this strategy generates bewildering amounts of data whose biological interpretation is a challenge. 相似文献34.
Elena Deligianni Sally Pattison Daniel Berrar Nigel G Ternan Richard W Haylock John E Moore Stuart J Elborn James SG Dooley 《BMC microbiology》2010,10(1):38
Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to grow in a biofilm in cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic lung infections. Bacterial cell motility is one of the main factors that have been connected with P. aeruginosa adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. In this investigation, we employed molecular and microscopic methods to determine the presence or absence of motility in P. aeruginosa CF isolates, and statistically correlated this with their biofilm forming ability in vitro. 相似文献35.
Subhajit Basu Deepti D Deobagkar SG Prabhu Matondkar Irene Furtado 《Microbial ecology》2013,65(4):934-954
A massive algal bloom of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca miliaris (green) was located in the Northern Arabian Sea by IRS-P4-2 (OCM-II) for microbiological studies, during two consecutive cruises of February-March 2009. Culturable bacterial load during bloom were ~2–3-fold higher in comparison to non-bloom waters and ranged from 3.20?×?105 to 6.84?×?105?cfu?ml?1. An analysis of the dominant heterotrophs associated with Noctiluca bloom resulted in phylogenetic and a detailed metabolic characterization of 70 bacterial isolates from an overlapping active and declining bloom phase location near north-central Arabian Sea. The active phase flora was dominated by Gram-positive forms (70.59 %), a majority of which belonged to Bacillus (35.29 %) of Firmicutes. As the bloom declined, Gram-negative forms (61.11 %) emerged dominant, and these belonged to a diverse γ-proteobacterial population consisting of Shewanella (16.67 %) and equal fractions of a Cobetia–Pseudomonas-Psychrobacter–Halomonas population (36.11 %). A Unifrac-based principal coordinate analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences showed significant differences among the active and declining phase flora and also with reported endocytic flora of Noctiluca (red). A nonparametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of antibiogram helped differentiation among closely related strains. The organic matter synthesized by N. miliaris appears to be quickly utilized and remineralized as seen from the high efficiency of isolates to metabolize various complex and simple C/N substrates such as carbohydrates, proteins/amino acids, lipids, sulfide production from organic matter, and solubilize phosphates. The ability of a large fraction of these strains (50–41.67 %) to further aerobically denitrify indicates their potential for nitrogen removal from these high-organic microniches of the Noctiluca bloom in the Arabian Sea, also known for high denitrification activity. The results indicate that culturable euphotic bacterial associates of Noctiluca are likely to play a critical role in the biogeochemical ramifications of these unique seasonally emerging tropical open-water blooms of the Northern Arabian Sea. 相似文献
36.
The use and practicability of microwave-assisted staining procedures in routine histopathology has been well established for more than 17 years. In the study reported here, we aimed to examine an alternative approach that would shorten the duration of dewaxing and clearing steps of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining of paraffin sections by using a microwave oven. Although xylene is one of the most popular dewaxing and clearing agents, its flammability restricts its use in a microwave oven; thus we preferred 1,1,1 trichloroethane, which is not flammable, as the dewaxing and clearing agent in the present study. In Group I and Group II (control groups), intestine was processed with xylene and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, respectively. The sections were then stained with H & E according to the conventional staining protocol at room temperature and subdivided into two groups according to the duration of dewaxing and clearing in xylene. In Groups III and IV (experimental groups) similar tissues were processed with xylene and 1,1,1 trichloroethane, respectively; however, sections from these groups were divided into four subgroups to study the period required for dewaxing and clearing in 1,1,1 trichloroethane, then stained with H & E in the microwave oven at 360 W for 30 sec. Our conventional H & E staining procedure, which includes dewaxing, staining and clearing of sections, requires approximately 90 min, while our method using 1,1,1 trichloroethane and microwave heating required only 2 min. Our alternative method for H & E staining not only reduced the procedure time significantly, but also yielded staining quality equal or superior to those stained the conventional way. Our results suggest that 1,1,1 trichloroethane can be used effectively and safely as a dewaxing and clearing agent for H & E staining in a microwave oven. 相似文献
37.
Nareshkumar Jain George Allan Olivia Linton Pamela Tannenbaum Xin Chen Jun Xu Peifang Zhu Joseph Gunnet Keith Demarest Scott Lundeen William Murray Zhihua Sui 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2009,19(14):3977-3980
Synthesis of novel 7-pseudo-steroids 1c has been achieved from trenbolone 3 via an efficient 14 step sequence with overall yields of 10–15%. Various substitutions were incorporated at both the aromatic side chain as well as the D ring. The orientation of aromatic side chain at C10 plays a crucial role for progesterone receptor (PR) activity. Compound 2a (T47D = 1 nM) with –NMe2 para to the aromatic group along with spirofurane groups in the D ring was the optimal substitution. All compounds were also evaluated for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist activities in vivo in a rat and found efficacious in uterine complement C3 assay via the oral route of administrations. 相似文献
38.
BMI z‐Scores are a poor indicator of adiposity among 2‐ to 19‐year‐olds with very high BMIs,NHANES 1999‐2000 to 2013‐2014
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39.
40.
Ng RA Lanter JC Alford VC Allan GF Sbriscia T Lundeen SG Sui Z 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2007,17(6):1784-1787
The synthesis and in vivo SAR of 2-(2,2,2)-trifluoroethyl-benzimidazoles are described. Prostate antagonism and/or levator ani agonism can be modulated by varying the substitution at the 2-position of 5,6-dichloro-benzimidazoles. Potent androgen agonists on the muscle were discovered that strongly bind to the androgen receptor (2-17 nM) and show potent in vivo efficacy (0.03-0.11 mg/day). True SARMs showing both prostate antagonism and levator ani agonism were revealed. 相似文献