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SHOUMITRO DEB HENRY KWOK MARCO BERTELLI LUIS SALVADOR‐CARULLA ELSPETH BRADLEY JENNIFER TORR JARRET BARNHILL FOR THE GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT GROUP OF THE WPA SECTION ON PSYCHIATRY OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 《World psychiatry》2009,8(3):181-186
Psychotropic medications are used regularly to manage problem behaviours among people with intellectual disabilities. This causes concern because often these medications are used out of their licensed indications in this context. The WPA Section on Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability has recently developed an evidence and consensus-based international guide for practitioners for the use of psychotropic medications for problem behaviours among adults with intellectual disabilities. This guide advises on assessment of behaviours, producing a formulation, initiation of treatment, assessment of out-come and adverse effects, follow-up arrangements, and possibility of discontinuation of treatment. 相似文献
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Lukin M Minetti CA Remeta DP Attaluri S Johnson F Breslauer KJ de Los Santos C 《Nucleic acids research》2011,39(13):5776-5789
Accumulation of damaged guanine nucleobases within genomic DNA, including the imidazole ring opened N(6)-(2-Deoxy-α,β-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formylamidopyrimidine (Fapy-dG), is associated with progression of age-related diseases and cancer. To evaluate the impact of this mutagenic lesion on DNA structure and energetics, we have developed a novel synthetic strategy to incorporate cognate Fapy-dG site-specifically within any oligodeoxynucleotide sequence. The scheme involves the synthesis of an oligonucleotide precursor containing a 5-nitropyrimidine moiety at the desired lesion site via standard solid-phase procedures. Following deprotection and isolation, the Fapy-dG lesion is generated by catalytic hydrogenation and subsequent formylation. NMR assignment of the Fapy-dG lesion (X) embedded within a TXT trimer reveals the presence of rotameric and anomeric species. The latter have been characterized by synthesizing the tridecamer oligodeoxynucleotide d(GCGTACXCATGCG) harboring Fapy-dG as the central residue and developing a protocol to resolve the isomeric components. Hybridization of the chromatographically isolated fractions with their complementary d(CGCATGCGTACGC) counterpart yields two Fapy-dG·C duplexes that are differentially destabilized relative to the canonical G·C parent. The resultant duplexes exhibit distinct thermal and thermodynamic profiles that are characteristic of α- and β-anomers, the former more destabilizing than the latter. These anomer-specific impacts are discussed in terms of differential repair enzyme recognition, processing and translesion synthesis. 相似文献
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) continues to threaten water quality in many mining regions globally. Data paucity renders it challenging to inform appropriate water quality management strategies for a succinct scientific understanding of the effects of AMD on freshwater ecosystems. The current study investigated the effects of AMD collected from a defunct coalmine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, on freshwater ecosystems using a risk-based approach on five indigenous species, Adenophlebia auriculata, Burnupia stenochorias, Caridina nilotica, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Oreochromis mossambicus in 2016. Species responded differently to AMD after 96 hours and 240 hours of exposure in static experimental test designs. Burnupia stenochorias was more sensitive to AMD after 96 and 240 hours of exposure, whereas O. mossambicus was tolerant during short-term exposure, but became more sensitive after 240 hours of exposure than the other species tested. The availability of metals in AMD was directly associated with dilution rate. Scenario-specific water quality guidelines for AMD have been derived as 0.122% for short-term and 0.014% for long-term exposure. These may form important indicative dilutions for other AMDs that do not match the scenarios of this study. The toxicity of AMD to a wide range of aquatic species, including field validations, requires further investigation. 相似文献
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Abstract The analysis of NMR spectra of DNA and RNA, in particular, homo- and heteronuclear vicinal coupling constants of the nuclei of the sugar-phosphate backbone, can provide important information about the conformation of macromolecules1. For example, 5′H - P coupling constants allows us to obtain a value of β torsional angle, 5′H-4′H - γ, whereas 3′H-P constant gives the angle ?. Unfortunately, due to the complex structure of H5′, H4′ and H3′ multiples in moderate and large RNA fragments (>15 nucleotides), it is very difficult to assign signals and extract accurate structural data. 相似文献
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ISABELLE LEFÈVRE KATARINA VOGEL‐MIKUŠ LUKA JEROMEL PRIMOŽ VAVPETIČ SÉBASTIEN PLANCHON IZTOK ARČON JOHANNES T VAN ELTEREN GILLES LEPOINT SYLVIE GOBERT JENNY RENAUT PRIMOŽ PELICON STANLEY LUTTS 《Plant, cell & environment》2014,37(6):1299-1320
Cadmium and zinc share many similar physiochemical properties, but their compartmentation, complexation and impact on other mineral element distribution in plant tissues may drastically differ. In this study, we address the impact of 10 μm Cd or 50 μm Zn treatments on ion distribution in leaves of a metallicolous population of the non‐hyperaccumulating species Zygophyllum fabago at tissue and cell level, and the consequences on the plant response through a combined physiological, proteomic and metabolite approach. Micro‐proton‐induced X‐ray emission and laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry analyses indicated hot spots of Cd concentrations in the vicinity of vascular bundles in response to Cd treatment, essentially bound to S‐containing compounds as revealed by extended X‐ray absorption fine structure and non‐protein thiol compounds analyses. A preferential accumulation of Zn occurred in vascular bundle and spongy mesophyll in response to Zn treatment, and was mainly bound to O/N‐ligands. Leaf proteomics and physiological status evidenced a protection of photosynthetically active tissues and the maintenance of cell turgor through specific distribution and complexation of toxic ions, reallocation of some essential elements, synthesis of proteins involved in photosynthetic apparatus or C‐metabolism, and metabolite synthesis with some specificities regarding the considered heavy metal treatment. 相似文献
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Surgery correcting talipes varus and hallux valgus was conducted in 128 female patients (150 feet). The group of the patients was studied in accordance with the proximal articular set angle (PASA). The results of treatment were assessed, by taking into account this index; they were found to depend on the outcome of PASA correction. It has been concluded that the efficiency of surgery is determined only by the procedures used with regard to the individual anatomic features of each foot and the PASA calculated from preoperative X-ray films is one of the most important factors. Intraoperative normalization of this index with congruency recovery in the hallus metatarsophalangeal articulation yields long-term good results of treatment in most patients. 相似文献
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