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31.
José Luis Aróstegui 《Arts Education Policy Review》2016,117(2):96-103
This article seeks to explain the disjuncture between the decline of music education in schools and the importance music has in popular youth culture and in creativity within the new knowledge economy. The data discussed in this article have been derived from analyses of major documents on curriculum reform as well as e-mail responses from music educators around the world. This analysis reveals that these music educators agree with the perception of a demise in music education around the world, as well as the significance of the disjuncture alluded to. The four major reasons found for the decline in music education are: (1) the model of curriculum supported in educational reforms; (2) an emphasis on standardized evaluation; (3) less resources available; and (4) a wrong approach on music advocacy. 相似文献
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33.
María Prados-Privado Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos José Luis Calvo-Guirado José Antonio Bea 《Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering》2016,19(15):1583-1591
To measure fatigue in dental implants and in its components, it is necessary to use a probabilistic analysis since the randomness in the output depends on a number of parameters (such as fatigue properties of titanium and applied loads, unknown beforehand as they depend on mastication habits). The purpose is to apply a probabilistic approximation in order to predict fatigue life, taking into account the randomness of variables. More accuracy on the results has been obtained by taking into account different load blocks with different amplitudes, as happens with bite forces during the day and allowing us to know how effects have different type of bruxism on the piece analysed. 相似文献
34.
Martha L. Bohórquez Alonso Jorge Martínez Cotrina David Aguilar Pardo Enrique Font Miguel Molina-Borja 《Journal of Ethology》2010,28(2):305-311
Many vertebrate species show display behaviors when predators are in their vicinity. Some of these displays may inform the
predator of the improbability of capturing the prey (i.e., pursuit-deterrent displays) and are potentially advantageous to
both predator and prey. Here we present data on a tail display performed by Gonatodes albogularis, a diurnal tropical gecko. We performed transect surveys in three habitats near Bogotá in Colombia. Geckos detected during
transects were approached by the observer in a standardized way, and details of their tail-waving displays were recorded.
In control recordings animals were watched from a distant site without approaching them. Results showed sexual differences
in tail-waving display: when approached by the observer, males performed this behavior more frequently than females. We found
no significant differences between males and females in flight-initiation distances and height above the substratum when they
were initially located. Results also showed that males displayed more frequently when approached than when the simulated predator
remained stationary. We interpret these results as evidence that the display functions as a pursuit-deterrent signal to potential
predators. However, as some tail displays were performed in the presence of conspecifics, the display may also have a social
function. 相似文献
35.
We evaluated the performance of Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Pteromalidae), both hymenopteran pupal parasitoids of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Performance was studied by manipulating the following environmental conditions in the laboratory: (1) soil type, (2) soil moisture content, (3) soil compaction, and (4) depth at which pupae were buried in the soil. There were two experiments: in the first, exposure time of pupae was held constant and in the second, it varied. In the first experiment, C. haywardi was significantly more effective than P. vindemiae in parasitizing fly pupae. With exposure time held constant (36 h), only soil type and pupal burial depth were significantly related to parasitism rates. While P. vindemiae only parasitized pupae located on the soil surface, C. haywardi attacked pupae that were buried up to 5 cm deep, performing better in clayey than in loamy soil. In the second experiment, exposure time (24, 36, 48, and 72 h) had no significant effect on parasitism rates, but soil type did. P. vindemiae again only attacked pupae on the soil surface while C. haywardi was also able to parasitize pupae that were buried up to 5 cm deep. We conclude that C. haywardi represents a viable candidate to replace the environmentally unfriendly P. vindemiae in augmentative biological control programs against fruit flies. 相似文献
36.
Miguel Archangelsky 《Systematic Entomology》2004,29(2):188-214
Abstract. A phylogenetic analysis, at a tribal and subtribal level, of the subfamily Hydrophilinae was conducted. The analysis was based on twenty-nine taxa (twenty-three genera) and 148 characters (fifty-eight from immature stages and bionomics, and ninety from adults). According to the present study, Hydrophilinae is monophyletic, and except for the tribe Hydrophilini which appears as polyphyletic (it includes the subtribes Hydrophilina, Hydrobiina, and Acidocerina), the remaining tribes are monophyletic. The tribes Berosini and Chaetarthriini form the basal clade of Hydrophilinae. One unexpected result is the relationship between the subtribe Hydrobiina and the tribe Sperchopsini, which form a well-supported clade. The final tree has the following structure: (((((Sperchopsini Hydrobiina) (Anacaenini Laccobiini)) Acidocerina) Hydrophilina) (Berosini Chaetarthriini)). The results partially disagree with the phylogeny presented by Hansen, in 1991, which was based mostly on adult characters. Several evolutionary trends are briefly discussed: the types of egg case, the morphology of the clypeolabrum, mouthparts, legs, and breathing adaptations in larvae. 相似文献
37.
Anton Pauw Sunshine A. Van Bael Halton A. Peters Steven D. Allison José L. C. Camargo Miguel Cifuentes-Jara Aurlstela Conserva Teresa Garcia Restom Tamara Heartsill-Scalley Scott A. Mangan Gabriela Nunez-lturri Elsie Rivera-Ocasio Mark Rountree Susanne Vetter Carolina Volkmer de Castllho 《Biotropica》2004,36(3):410-413
38.
A rapid extraction method for screening aflatoxin producing potential ofAspergillus flavus group isolates is described. The method is performed using a moist wheat medium with ca. five infected grains extracted with 2 mL of chloroform, and using thin layer chromatography. This method was proved with 95A. flavus isolates from animal feeds. 相似文献
39.
40.
Bruno Peruzzo Sara Rodríguez Luis Delannoy Silvia Hein Prof. Estéban M. Rodríguez Andreas Oksche 《Cell and tissue research》1987,247(2):367-376
Summary The massa caudalis of the subcommissural organ-Reissner's fiber complex of lamprey larvae (Geotria australis) was studied immunocytochemically at the ultrastructural level by use of the immunoperoxidase-silver methenamine procedure. An antiserum raised against bovine Reissner's fiber was utilized as primary antibody.The caudalmost portion of the central canal and its ampulla caudalis communicate, via wide intercellular spaces in their dorsal wall, with large cavities or lacunae. In addition, distinct openings in the dorsal wall of the ampulla establish an open communication between the latter and the lacunae. The lacunae are lined by slender processes of cells of unknown nature. No junctional complexes can be observed between these cells, which lack a basal lamina. The lacunae communicate with structures resembling blood capillaries, however, they are devoid of a basal lamina. These peculiar vessels, in turn, are in direct communication with characteristic blood capillaries.Reissner's fiber (RF) and its massa caudalis are strongly immunoreactive with the antiserum used. The wide intercellular spaces in the dorsal wall of the central canal and the ampulla, as well as the lumina of the (i) lacunae, (ii) modified vessels and (iii) blood capillaries are filled with a flocculent, strongly immunoreactive material. No immunoreactive material was found outside these structures. Thus, the blood capillaries appear to represent the only final target of RF-material arriving at the ampulla caudalis.Supported by Grant I 38259 from the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, Federal Republic of Germany, Grant S-85-39 from the Dirección de Investigaciones, Universidad Austral de Chile, and Grant 6027 from Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, Chile. The authors express their gratitude to Mrs. Elizabeth Santibáñez and Mr. Julio Lamilla for providing the lamprey larvae and to Mr. Humberto Molina for preparing the three-dimensional drawing 相似文献