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81.
Baudin Bruno; Alves Nathalie; Pilon Antoine; Beneteau-Burnat Benedicte; Giboudeau Jacqueline 《Glycobiology》1997,7(4):565-570
We enzymatically deglycosylated pig lung angiotensin I-convertingenzyme (ACE) to study the involvement of its glycanic chainsin its physicochemical and catalytic properties. The effectsof endoglycosidases F2 and H, and of N-glycanase were assessedby ACE mobility in SDS-PAGE. N-Glycanase only was completelyeffective with or without previous denaturation, leading toa shift in ACE Mr from 172 to 135 kDa; endoglycosidase F2 producedthe same shift but only without previous denaturation. DeglycosylatedACE had the same kcat as native ACE for the substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine,and an identical Stokes radius as measured by size-exclusionhigh performance liquid chromatography. Neuraminidase had noeffect on ACE Stokes radius but slightly decreased its kcatwhich could be related to variations in ionization of the activesite. The isoelectric point of ACE, as, determined by isoelectricfocusing, increased from 4.54.8 to 5.05.3 aftereither endoglycosidase F2 or neuraminidase digestion, but stillwith microheterogeneities which thus did not seem to be relatedto ACE glycans. Deglycosylated ACE did not bind onto agaroselectinsin contrast to native ACE which bound strongly to concanavalinA showing interactions involving oligomannosidic or biantennaryand sialylated N-acetyl-lactosaminic isoglycans. Finally, tunicamycin,an inhibitor of N-glycosylation, did not modify ACE secretionby endothelial cells. Thus, ACE glycans have no drastic effectson structural and biological properties of the protein, butthey may have a functional role on intracellular targeting ofboth secreted and membrane-bound ACE isoforms, also for theprotection of the soluble plasma form against hepatic lectinsand the maintenance of its hydrosolubility. converting enzyme (peptidyldipeptidase EC.3.4.15.1) endothelium glycosidases lectins 相似文献
82.
Regina Himmelspach Peter Nick Eberhard Schäfer Bruno Ehmann 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》1997,12(6):1299-1310
The cytosolic chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) is known to keep fold cytoskeletal proteins and is involved in the proper organization of the cytoskeleton. These studies are based on the assumption that growth responses linked to structural rearrangement of the plant cytoskeleton include the action of CCT and the need for newly synthesized tubulin. The presence of the α- and ɛ- subunits of CCT was investigated in soluble fractions of protein extracts from maize mesocotyls and coleoptiles at distinct growth stages. The CCT-subunits, tubulins and actin decreased in the coleoptile in response to far-red light. In addition, independent from light treatment, the amount of CCTɛ abundance declined with age in coleoptiles and mesocotyls between 2 and 4.5 days after sowing. In contrast to CCTɛ, no significant light regulation of CCTα was found in the mesocotyl. In two day old, light-grown rapidly elongating coleoptiles part of the CCTα subunit and the bulk of actin and tubulin was found shifted into fractions of high molecular weight complexes when compared to slowly elongating, dark grown coleoptiles. In 4.5 day old, etiolated and elongating coleoptiles, part of both CCT-subunits and cytoskeleton proteins were found in fractions of high molecular weight. A complete disappearance of these polypeptides was observed in old far-red irradiated growth-arrested coleoptiles. CCTɛ was found to be co-localized to microtubular structures and to the nucleus. We conclude from our data that abundance of CCT-subunits in soluble extracts is dependent on age and light treatment, but independent from the growth stage of mesocotyl and coleoptile. 相似文献
83.
Mutual exclusion between congeneric species has been observed such as the case of the grey and red squirrels in Great Britain and the case of the twoHippolais warbler speciesHippolais icterina andH. polyglotta in Europe. This process can lead to the formation of an extinction wave which propagates. Two main assumptions are tested, competition and selective predation. The aim of this work is to present spatial models of these two processes. The animals of two species are assumed to move on a two dimensional array of spatial patches with local interactions of competition or of selective predation between them. We focus on the case of mutual exclusion. Initially, the two competing species occupy complementary areas in an array of spatial patches with a small common zone. Numerical simulations show that under particular conditions, one species gets extinct and the other invades the whole set of spatial patches. These simulations show that with time, the length of the overlapping zone stabilizes and moves at a constant velocity. The limit length of the overlapping band and the velocity of the extinction wave are found to be functions of the parameters of the models. We relate this general model to the case of two sibling species of birds:H. icterina andH. polyglotta. 相似文献
84.
Myzostoma cirriferum feeds by diverting food particles carried by the ambulacral grooves of its comatulid host Antedon bifida. When searching for food, the myzostome uses its protrusible introvert to fulfil two major functions: sensory perception and the capture of food particles. The digestive system is composed of four parts, viz. a pharynx, that is contained within the introvert, a stomach, a series of paired caeca and an intestine that lie in the myzostome's trunk. The pharynx is supplied with a thick muscle which, thanks to peristaltic movements, carries food particles from the mouth to the stomach. Both stomach and caecal cells are able to absorb dissolved nutriments and to store lipids, whereas intestinal cells are only capable of absorption. Due to the beating of their cilia, stomach cells also carry food particles into the caecal lumen, where they are subjected to endocytosis and intracellular digestion by caecal cells. Undigested food fragments eventually gather in a very large, apical vacuole, and the cell apices containing vacuoles are eliminated into the caecal lumen by an apocrinal process. Detached cell apices reach the stomach, where they are embedded in a matrix, together forming a spindle-shaped faecal mass that is expelled through the postero-ventral anus. The observed digestive process—entailing the regular elimination of the apical part of the caecal digestive cells—appears to be unique among the Spiralia. 相似文献
85.
Bricchi Emma Frenguelli Giuseppe Mincigrucci Gianfranco Fornaciari Marco Ferranti Francesco Romano Bruno 《Aerobiologia》1995,11(1):57-61
Times of pollination of different taxa in the atmosphere of Perugia (Central Italy) over an 11-year period (1982–1992) were recorded and analysed by means of a 7-day volumetric Hirst-type pollen trap. For some taxa, the pollination period varied from year to year from a chronological and/or quantitative point of view. Several taxa showed a linkage in their starting dates of pollination. Knowledge of this kind of linkage allows us to build a forecasting model. 相似文献
86.
Daniel Duprez Dirk Voet Marc De Buyzere Benny Drieghe Bruno Vyncke Sigrid Mareels Marcel Afschrift Denis L. Clement 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1995,71(5):459-463
The splanchnic circulation can make a major contribution to blood flow changes. However, the role of the splanchnic circulation in the reflex adjustments to the blood pressure increase during isometric exercise is not well documented. The central command and the muscle chemoreflex are the two major mechanisms involved in the blood pressure response to isometric exercise. This study aimed to examine the behaviour of the superior mesenteric artery during isometric handgrip (IHG) at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The pulsatility index (PI) of the blood velocity waveform of the superior mesenteric artery was taken as the study parameter. A total of ten healthy subjects [mean age, 21.1 (SEM 0.3) years] performed an IHG at 30% MVC for 90 s. At 5 s prior to the end of the exercise, muscle circulation was arrested for 90 s to study the effect of the muscle chemoreflex (post exercise arterial occlusion, PEAO). The IHG at 30% MVC caused a decrease in superior mesenteric artery PI, from 4.84 (SEM 1.57) at control level to 3.90 (SEM 1.07) (P = 0.015). The PI further decreased to 3.17 (SEM 0.70) (P = 0.01) during PEAO. Our results indicated that ergoreceptors may be involved in the superior mesenteric artery vasodilatation during isometric exercise. 相似文献
87.
Ola Fjellstrm Torbjrn Olausson Xiang Hu Bruno Kllebring Jan Rydstrm Suhail Ahmad Philip D. Bragg 《Proteins》1995,21(2):91-104
A three-dimensional structure of the NAD site of Escerichia coli transhydrogenase has been predicted. The model is based on analysis of conserved residues among the transhydrogenases from five different sources, homologies with enzymes using NAD as cofactors or substrates, hydrophilicity profiles, and secondary structure predictions. The present model supports the hypothesis that there is one binding site, located relatively close to the N-terminus of the α-subunit. The proposed structure spans residues α145 to α287, and it includes five β-strands and five α-helices oriented in a typical open twisted α/β conformation. The amino acid sequence following the GXGXXG dinucleotide binding consensus sequence (residues α172 to α177) correlates exactly to a typical fingerprint region for ADP binding βαβ folds in dinucleotide binding enzymes. In the model, aspartic acid α195 forms hydrogen bonds to one or both hydroxyl groups on the adenosine ribose sugar moiety. Threonine α196 and alanine α256, located at the end of βB and βD, respectively, create a hydrophobic sandwich with the adenine part of NAD buried inside. The nicotinamide part is located in a hydrophobic cleft between αA and βE. Mutagenesis work has been carried out in order to test the predicted model and to determine whether residues within this domain are important for proton pumping directly. All data support the predicted structure, and no residue crucial for proton pumping Was detected. Since no three-dimensional structure of transhydrogenase has been solved, a well based tertiary structure prediction is of great value for further experimental design in trying to elucidate the mechanism of the energy-linked proton pump. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
88.
C O-Yang D J Kertesz A F Kluge P Kuenzler T T Li M M Marx J J Bruno L F Chang 《Prostaglandins》1984,27(6):851-863
Opening of racemic epoxide (3) with (3S)- or (3R)-dimethyl-3-(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)oct-1-ynyl aluminum gave two regioisomers, which were separated chromatographically. The separated regioisomers, themselves mixtures of chromatographically inseparable diastereoisomers, were converted into their dicobalthexacarbonyl complexes, which were easily resolved and isolated by chromatography. The individual diastereoisomers were deprotected to give bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-ones, whose absolute stereochemistry was assigned using circular dichroism. One of these compounds, (1R,2R,3S,5R,3'S)-3-(3'-hydroxyoct-1'-ynyl)-bicyclo[3.2.0]++ +heptan-2-ol-6- oximinoacetic acid (11a) was 4.5 times more potent than PGE1 in inhibiting the ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. The next most potent compound in this series was the "ent-15-epi" compound (11b), which was 0.034 times the potency of PGE1 in the platelet aggregation assay. 相似文献
89.
Bruno Cavalleri Giancarlo Volpe Giogio Tuan Marisa Berti Francesco Parenti 《Current microbiology》1978,1(5):319-324
Two chlorophenyl-containing antibiotics have been isolated from a strain ofActinoplanes (ATCC 33002). Antibiotic A 15104 Y is a chlorinated phenylpyrrole compound whose structure has been confirmed by chemical
synthesis. Antibiotic A 15104 Z is a chlorophenol derivative for which a structural formula is proposed on the basis of its
physicochemical properties. A 15104 Y shows antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria,
yeasts, fungi, and protozoa, while A 15104 Z possesses a low activity against Gram-positive bacteria andTrichophyton. A 15104 Y has a weak activity in curing experimentally infected mice, at a dose that is one-fifth the LD50 for the same species. This is the first example of a chloropyrrole derivative isolated from an actinomycete. 相似文献
90.
The visual pigment and visual cycle of the lobster,Homarus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Merle S. Bruno Stephen N. Barnes Timothy H. Goldsmith 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1977,120(2):123-142
Summary The visual pigment of the American lobster,Homarus americanus, has been studied in individual isolated rhabdoms by microspectrophotometry. Lobster rhodopsin has max at 515 nm and is converted by light to a stable metarhodopsin with max at 490 nm. These figures are in good agreement with corresponding values obtained by Wald and Hubbard (1957) in digitonin extracts. Photoregeneration of rhodopsin to metarhodopsin is also observed. The absorbance spectrum of lobster metarhodopsin is invariant with pH in the range 5.4–9, indicating that even after isomerization of the chromophore fromcis totrans, the binding site of the chromophore remains sequestered from the solvent environment. Total axial density of the lobster rhabdom to unpolarized light is about 0.7.As described for several other Crustacea, aldehyde fixation renders the metarhodopsin susceptible to photobleaching, a process that is faster at alkaline than at neutral or acid pH. Small amounts of a photoproduct with max at 370 nm are occasionally seen. A slower dark bleaching of lobster rhabdoms (1/2–2 h) also occurs, frequently through intermediates with absorption similar to metarhodopsin.The molar extinction coefficient of metarhodopsin is about 1.2 times greater than that of rhodopsin, each measured at their respective max. Isomerization of the chromophore fromcis totrans is accompanied by a change in the orientation of the absorption vector of about 3°. The absorption vector of metarhodopsin is either tilted more steeply into the membrane or is less tightly oriented with respect to the microvillar axes.When living lobsters are kept at room temperature, light adaptation does not result in an accumulation of metarhodopsin. At 4 °C, however, the same adapting lights cause a reduction of rhodopsin and an increase in metarhodopsin. There is thus a temperature-sensitive regeneration mechanism that supplements photoregeneration. Following 1 ms, 0.1 joule xenon flashes that convert about 70% of the rhodopsin to metarhodopsin in vivo, dark regeneration occurs in the living eye with half-times of about 25 and 55 min at 22 °C and 15 °C respectively.This work was supported by USPHS research grant EY 00222 to Yale University. S.N.B. was aided by NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship EY 52378. 相似文献