全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2125篇 |
免费 | 231篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
2359篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 37篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 45篇 |
2017年 | 37篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 103篇 |
2014年 | 139篇 |
2013年 | 158篇 |
2012年 | 176篇 |
2011年 | 164篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 133篇 |
2007年 | 121篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 94篇 |
2003年 | 91篇 |
2002年 | 74篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1994年 | 16篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有2359条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
11.
Lucy A. Barrett Wolfgang J. Mergner Benjamin F. Trump 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1979,15(12):957-966
Summary Segments of human thoracic aorta were maintained in long-term explant culture for 18 weeks in serum-supplemented medium. The
aortas were grossly normal in appearance, and random samples fixed for light microscopy prior to culture revealed a normal
morphology. The intima contained no more than five layers of smooth muscle cells. After 7 days in culture, the intima was
noticeably thicker than the uncultured segments. The increased thickness was due to proliferating smooth muscle cells and
production of extracellular material. After several months in culture, extracellular material consisting of collagen and flocculent
material was present in areas resembling atherosclerotic fibrous plaques. A peripheral growth, which formed around the explant,
was composed of fibroblastlike cells and added to the overall thickness of the intima. However, aortic segment maintained
for up to 2 months in serum-free culture medium showed no cellular proliferation. This study demonstrates that changes resembling
early stages of atherosclerosis occur in human aortas maintained in explant culture using routine culture procedures.
Supported in part by the Pangborn Fund and the Graduate School of the University of Maryland.
This is publication 443 from the Cellular Pathobiology Laboratory. 相似文献
12.
Martin Gael Oyono Sebastien Kenmoe Ngu Njei Abanda Guy Roussel Takuissu Jean Thierry Ebogo-Belobo Raoul Kenfack-Momo Cyprien Kengne-Nde Donatien Serge Mbaga Serges Tchatchouang Josiane Kenfack-Zanguim Robertine Lontuo Fogang Elisabeth Zeukoo Menkem Juliette Laure Ndzie Ondigui Ginette Irma Kame-Ngasse Jeannette Nina Magoudjou-Pekam Arnol Bowo-Ngandji Seraphine Nkie Esemu Lucy Ndip 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2022,16(7)
Yellow fever (YF) has re-emerged in the last two decades causing several outbreaks in endemic countries and spreading to new receptive regions. This changing epidemiology of YF creates new challenges for global public health efforts. Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV) that circulates between humans, the mosquito vector, and non-human primates (NHP). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we review and analyse data on the case fatality rate (CFR) and prevalence of YFV in humans, and on the prevalence of YFV in arthropods, and NHP in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, African Journal Online, and African Index Medicus databases. We included studies reporting data on the CFR and/or prevalence of YFV. Extracted data was verified and analysed using the random effect meta-analysis. We conducted subgroup, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analyses using the random effect meta-analysis while I2 statistic was employed to determine heterogeneity. This review was registered with PROSPERO under the identification CRD42021242444. The final meta-analysis included 55 studies. The overall case fatality rate due to YFV was 31.1% (18.3–45.4) in humans and pooled prevalence of YFV infection was 9.4% (6.9–12.2) in humans. Only five studies in West and East Africa detected the YFV in mosquito species of the genus Aedes and in Anopheles funestus. In NHP, YFV antibodies were found only in members of the Cercopithecidae family. Our analysis provides evidence on the ongoing circulation of the YFV in humans, Aedes mosquitoes and NHP in SSA. These observations highlight the ongoing transmission of the YFV and its potential to cause large outbreaks in SSA. As such, strategies such as those proposed by the WHO’s Eliminate Yellow Fever Epidemics (EYE) initiative are urgently needed to control and prevent yellow fever outbreaks in SSA. 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
Nicolas A. Gillet Lucy Cook Daniel J. Laydon Carol Hlela Kristien Verdonck Carolina Alvarez Eduardo Gotuzzo Daniel Clark Lourdes Farré Achiléa Bittencourt Becca Asquith Graham P. Taylor Charles R. M. Bangham 《PLoS pathogens》2013,9(4)
Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong by driving clonal proliferation of infected T-cells. HTLV-1 causes a neuroinflammatory disease and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Strongyloidiasis, a gastrointestinal infection by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis, and Infective Dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH), appear to be risk factors for the development of HTLV-1 related diseases. We used high-throughput sequencing to map and quantify the insertion sites of the provirus in order to monitor the clonality of the HTLV-1-infected T-cell population (i.e. the number of distinct clones and abundance of each clone). A newly developed biodiversity estimator called “DivE” was used to estimate the total number of clones in the blood. We found that the major determinant of proviral load in all subjects without leukemia/lymphoma was the total number of HTLV-1-infected clones. Nevertheless, the significantly higher proviral load in patients with strongyloidiasis or IDH was due to an increase in the mean clone abundance, not to an increase in the number of infected clones. These patients appear to be less capable of restricting clone abundance than those with HTLV-1 alone. In patients co-infected with Strongyloides there was an increased degree of oligoclonal expansion and a higher rate of turnover (i.e. appearance and disappearance) of HTLV-1-infected clones. In Strongyloides co-infected patients and those with IDH, proliferation of the most abundant HTLV-1+ T-cell clones is independent of the genomic environment of the provirus, in sharp contrast to patients with HTLV-1 infection alone. This implies that new selection forces are driving oligoclonal proliferation in Strongyloides co-infection and IDH. We conclude that strongyloidiasis and IDH increase the risk of development of HTLV-1-associated diseases by increasing the rate of infection of new clones and the abundance of existing HTLV-1+ clones. 相似文献
16.
17.
Lauren E. Hartley‐Tassell Lucy K. Shewell Christopher J. Day Jennifer C. Wilson Randeep Sandhu Julian M. Ketley Victoria Korolik 《Molecular microbiology》2010,75(3):710-730
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly motile bacterium that responds via chemotaxis to environmental stimuli to migrate towards favourable conditions. Previous in silico analysis of the C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 genome sequence identified 10 open reading frames, tlp1‐10, that encode putative chemosensory receptors. We describe the characterization of the role and specificity of the Tlp1 chemoreceptor (Cj1506c). In vitro and in vivo models were used to determine if Tlp1 had a role in host colonization. The tlp1‐ isogenic mutant was more adherent in cell culture, however, showed reduced colonization ability in chickens. Specific interactions between the purified sensory domain of Tlp1 and l ‐aspartate were identified using an amino acid array and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Chemotaxis assays showed differences between migration of wild‐type C. jejuni cells and that of a tlp1‐ isogenic mutant, specifically towards aspartate. Furthermore, using yeast two‐hybrid and three‐hybrid systems for analysis of protein–protein interactions, the cytoplasmic signalling domain of Tlp1 was found to preferentially interact with CheV, rather than the CheW homologue of the chemotaxis signalling pathway; this interaction was confirmed using immune precipitation assays. This is the first identification of an aspartate receptor in bacteria other than Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 相似文献
18.
Procópio L Alvarez VM Jurelevicius DA Hansen L Sørensen SJ Cardoso JS Pádula M Leitão AC Seldin L van Elsas JD 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2012,101(2):289-302
The draft genome of Dietzia cinnamea strain P4 was determined using pyrosequencing. In total, 428 supercontigs were obtained and analyzed. We here describe and
interpret the main features of the draft genome. The genome contained a total of 3,555,295 bp, arranged in a single replicon
with an average G+C percentage of 70.9%. It revealed the presence of complete pathways for basically all central metabolic
routes. Also present were complete sets of genes for the glyoxalate and reductive carboxylate cycles. Autotrophic growth was
suggested to occur by the presence of genes for aerobic CO oxidation, formate/formaldehyde oxidation, the reverse tricarboxylic
acid cycle and the 3-hydropropionate cycle for CO2 fixation. Secondary metabolism was evidenced by the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, frenolicin,
nanaomycin and avilamycin A antibiotics. Furthermore, a probable role in azinomycin B synthesis, an important product with
antitumor activity, was indicated. The complete alk operon for the degradation of n-alkanes was found to be present, as were clusters of genes for biphenyl ring dihydroxylation. This study brings new insights
in the genetics and physiology of D. cinnamea P4, which is useful in biotechnology and bioremediation. 相似文献
19.
Alexandre Medeiros do Carmo Fabiana Maria Santos Carmen Lucia Ortiz-Agostinho Iêda Nishitokukado Cintia S. Frota Flavia Ubeda Gomes André Zonetti de Arruda Leite Claudio Sérgio Pannuti Lucy Santos Vilas Boas Magaly Gemio Teixeira Aytan Miranda Sipahi 《PloS one》2014,9(11)
Background
Cytomegalovirus is highly prevalent virus and usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. The pathophysiology and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease often induce a state of immunosuppression. Because this, there are still doubts and controversies about the relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and cytomegalovirus.Aim
Evaluate the frequency of cytomegalovirus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and identify correlations.Methods
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease underwent an interview, review of records and collection of blood and fecal samples. The search for cytomegalovirus was performed by IgG and IgM blood serology, by real-time PCR in the blood and by qualitative PCR in feces. Results were correlated with red blood cell levels, C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates and fecal calprotectin levels for each patient.Results
Among the 400 eligible patients, 249 had Crohn''s disease, and 151 had ulcerative colitis. In the group of Crohn''s disease, 67 of the patients had moderate or severe disease, but 126 patients presented with active disease, based on the evaluation of the fecal calprotectin. In patients with ulcerative colitis, only 21 patients had moderate disease, but 76 patients presented with active disease, based on the evaluation of the fecal calprotectin. A large majority of patients had positive CMV IgG. Overall, 10 patients had positive CMV IgM, and 9 patients had a positive qualitative detection of CMV DNA by PCR in the feces. All 400 patients returned negative results after the quantitative detection of CMV DNA in blood by real-time PCR. Analyzing the 19 patients with active infections, we only found that such an association occurred with the use of combined therapy (anti-TNF-alpha + azathioprine)Conclusion
The findings show that latent cytomegalovirus infections are frequent and active cytomegalovirus infection is rare. We did not find any association between an active infection of CMV and inflammatory bowel disease activity. 相似文献20.