首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   53765篇
  免费   4349篇
  国内免费   4031篇
  62145篇
  2024年   132篇
  2023年   744篇
  2022年   1711篇
  2021年   2844篇
  2020年   1814篇
  2019年   2281篇
  2018年   2168篇
  2017年   1590篇
  2016年   2236篇
  2015年   3259篇
  2014年   3866篇
  2013年   4219篇
  2012年   4922篇
  2011年   4341篇
  2010年   2677篇
  2009年   2239篇
  2008年   2801篇
  2007年   2411篇
  2006年   2140篇
  2005年   1791篇
  2004年   1498篇
  2003年   1265篇
  2002年   1153篇
  2001年   1004篇
  2000年   838篇
  1999年   893篇
  1998年   509篇
  1997年   497篇
  1996年   531篇
  1995年   476篇
  1994年   499篇
  1993年   324篇
  1992年   486篇
  1991年   362篇
  1990年   317篇
  1989年   262篇
  1988年   174篇
  1987年   159篇
  1986年   108篇
  1985年   130篇
  1984年   77篇
  1983年   71篇
  1982年   55篇
  1981年   39篇
  1980年   28篇
  1979年   34篇
  1977年   15篇
  1976年   16篇
  1975年   15篇
  1973年   17篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Marine Biotechnology - Takifugu rubripes is important commercially fish species in China and it is under serious threat from white spot disease (cyptocaryoniasis), which leads to heavy economic...  相似文献   
112.
The end-Triassic biodiversity crisis was one of the most severe mass extinctions in the history of animal life. However, the extent to which the loss of taxonomic diversity was coupled with a reduction in organismal abundance remains to be quantified. Further, the temporal relationship between organismal abundance and local marine redox conditions is lacking in carbonate sections. To address these questions, we measured skeletal grain abundance in shallow-marine limestones by point counting 293 thin sections from four stratigraphic sections across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in the Lombardy Basin and Apennine Platform of western Tethys. Skeletal abundance decreased abruptly across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary in all stratigraphic sections. The abundance of skeletal organisms remained low throughout the lower-middle Hettangian strata and began to rebound during the late Hettangian and early Sinemurian. A two-way ANOVA indicates that sample age (p < .01, η2 = 0.30) explains more of the variation in skeletal abundance than the depositional environment or paleobathymetry (p < .01, η2 = 0.15). Measured I/Ca ratios, a proxy for local shallow-marine redox conditions, show this same pattern with the lowest I/Ca ratios occurring in the early Hettangian. The close correspondence between oceanic water column oxygen levels and skeletal abundance indicates a connection between redox conditions and benthic organismal abundance across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. These findings indicate that the end-Triassic mass extinction reduced not only the biodiversity but also the carrying capacity for skeletal organisms in early Hettangian ecosystems, adding to evidence that mass extinction of species generally leads to mass rarity among survivors.  相似文献   
113.
广西、云南的PSEUDOSCHWAGERINA化石及其地层意义   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4  
该文记述了广西宜山马脑山剖面及云南八宝小独山剖面Pseudoschwaserina属34种(亚种),分析了两剖面Pseudoschwagerina动物群的面貌,讨论了Pseudoschwagerina的地层意义。研究表明,两剖面Pseudoschwagerina动物群具有地方性种稀少的共同特点,大多数种皆为广相型分子。从动物群的组成上看,广西、云南Pseudoschwagerina动物群与我国贵州、北美及俄罗斯等地的Pseudoschwagerina动物群有较大的相似性。但是,目前归入 Pseudoschwagerina名下的各种在形态上有着较大的差异,造成不同地区合Pseudoschwagerina地层带化石难以直接对比。根据对两剖面Pseudoschwagerina地层分布规律的研究以及国内、外Pseudochwagerina地理分布的资料,笔者建议选用 Pseudoschwagerina uddeni,P.beedei,P.robusta等 Pseudoschwagerina的典型分子做为含Pseudoschwagerina地层划分、对比的首要标准类群,选用P.uddeni和P.robusta分别做为确定Pseudoschwagerina带底、顶界线的首要标准种,以便于含Pseudoschwagerina地层的全球性的对比。  相似文献   
114.
The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms of estrogen receptor (ER) processing and replenishment in the uterus of ovariectomized rats after estradiol and progesterone treatment. Uterine ER binding activity, ER protein and ER mRNA were measured by receptor binding exchange assay, Western blot and slot blot, respectively. The regulation of ER levels in rat uterus by estradiol and progesterone was very dramatic. Changes in ER protein were faithfully reflected by changes in binding activity. Estradiol caused receptor “processing” within 4 h of administration followed by recovery or “replenishment” of ER levels to the initial level by 20 h. The term “processing” has previously been used to describe the loss of ER binding activity in the early phase of estradiol-action, but it was never clear whether the ligand binding site was inactivated by processing or if the receptor molecule actually disappeared. This study shows that receptor “processing” constitutes disappearance of receptor protein and the later “replenishment” phase represents new ER protein rather than recycling of “processed” receptor. Progesterone-action, on the other hand, influenced only the “replenishment” phase by blocking recovery of ER protein. ER mRNA was suppressed by estradiol at 8 h, after the receptor was “processed” and “replenishment” already initiated. Progesterone, on the other hand, did not alter the steady state level of the message. Other mechanisms, such as regulation of translation rate of existing mRNA and changes in the rate of degradation of ER proteins are more likely involved in acute regulation of ER by these ovarian steroid hormones.  相似文献   
115.
A dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is a sequence of decision rules that provide guidance on how to treat individuals based on their static and time-varying status. Existing observational data are often used to generate hypotheses about effective DTRs. A common challenge with observational data, however, is the need for analysts to consider “restrictions” on the treatment sequences. Such restrictions may be necessary for settings where (1) one or more treatment sequences that were offered to individuals when the data were collected are no longer considered viable in practice, (2) specific treatment sequences are no longer available, or (3) the scientific focus of the analysis concerns a specific type of treatment sequences (eg, “stepped-up” treatments). To address this challenge, we propose a restricted tree–based reinforcement learning (RT-RL) method that searches for an interpretable DTR with the maximum expected outcome, given a (set of) user-specified restriction(s), which specifies treatment options (at each stage) that ought not to be considered as part of the estimated tree-based DTR. In simulations, we evaluate the performance of RT-RL versus the standard approach of ignoring the partial data for individuals not following the (set of) restriction(s). The method is illustrated using an observational data set to estimate a two-stage stepped-up DTR for guiding the level of care placement for adolescents with substance use disorder.  相似文献   
116.
pKa1 values of 3-methoxy-N-desmethyldiazepam in acetonitrile and methanol containing various acid concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry to be 3.5 and 1.3, respectively. Temperature-dependent racemization of enantiomeric 3-methoxy-N-desmethyldiazepam in methanol containing 0.5 M H2SO4 was studied by circular dichroism spectropolorimetry and the racemization reactions were found to follow apparent first-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters of the racemization reaction were found to be: Eact = 18.8 kcal/mol, and at 25°C: ΔH? = 18.3 kcal/mol, ΔS? = ?14.8 entropy unit, and ΔG? = 22.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The racemization had an isotope effect (kH/kD) of 1.6 at 42°C. Based on the results of this report and those of earlier reports by other investigators, a nucleophilically solvated C3 carbocation intermediate resulting from either a P (plus) or an M (minus) conformation is proposed to be an intermediate and responsible for the stereoselective nucleophilic substitution and the subsequent racemization of 3-methoxy-N-desmethyldiazepam enantiomers. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   
117.
Wang  Zunxin  Wang  Xianyu  Liu  Siqin  Yang  Ying  Li  Yang  Chen  Siyuan  Wang  Guangpeng  Zhang  Xincheng  Ye  Yuxiu  Hu  Laibao  Zhou  Qing  Wang  Feibing  Chen  Xinhong 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2023,42(1):294-303
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Zinc is an important micronutrient for the growth and development of human body and plants. Proper use of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application of Zn have...  相似文献   
118.
铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼的毒性   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文用流水和换水式试验,在水硬度为115mg/L(以CaCO_3计)条件下研究了铜对大鳞泥鳅幼鱼生长和存活的影响。试验从刚孵出的幼鱼开始,流水式试验持续30d,换水式试验历时16d。结果表明,在流水条件下铜对泥鳅幼鱼存活有明显影响的可观察效应浓度最低是41.2μg/L,而无可观察效应浓度则为25.2μg/L。根据对现存量的影响,用换水式试验测得铜的最低可观察效应浓度为38μg/L,无可观察效应浓度是19μg/L。  相似文献   
119.
LDL的氧化修饰和氧化修饰LDL的组成和结构变化   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
陈瑗  周玫 《生物物理学报》1993,9(2):334-340
与低密度脂蛋白(LDL)相比,氧化修饰LDL(O-LDL)的组成、结构和生物学特性发生了深刻的变化,而组成和结构的改变是生物学特性改变的基础.本文根据最近文献资料.结合我们实验室的工作.对LDL的氧化修饰、O-LDL的组成、结构改变,以及它们的机理作一简要综述.  相似文献   
120.
陈梅珠  周国筠 《蛇志》1993,5(2):2-5
清栓酶可促进玻璃体内纤维蛋白凝血块溶解,我们制作新鲜及陈旧性兔眼玻璃体积血模型,将清栓酶、尿激酶及注射用水分别注入玻璃体腔内,观察眼底、测定玻璃体出血指数、FDP含量、进行3P 试验,结果发现清栓酶有治疗效果,同对照组相比统计学上有显著差异,同尿激酶相比无差异,且未发现有毒副作用。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号