Beta-adrenergic stimulation evokes a rapid, Ca2+-dependent stimulation of endocytosis, hexose and amino acid transport associated with increased Ca2+ fluxes in mouse kidney cortex

The beta-adrenergic agonist 1-isoproterenol evokes an acute (less than 5 min) stimulation of endocytosis, hexose transport and amino acid transport, measured by the temperature-sensitive uptake of HRP, 3H-DG and 14C-AIB, in mouse kidney cortex slices. This stimulation is concentration dependent and is maximal at 10(-8)-10(-7) M isoproterenol. Peroxidase cytochemistry showed that the hormonal increase in HRP uptake is confined to proximal tubules. The rapid membrane response is abolished in a calcium-free medium and by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, indicating Ca2+- and beta-adrenoreceptor-dependence. Isoproterenol (1 microM) rapidly (less than 30 sec) stimulates the influx and efflux of 45Ca in cortex slices. Isoproterenol also decreased mitochondrial 45Ca and increased soluble 45Ca. These results indicate that beta-adrenergic stimulation of membrane transport functions involves an increased influx of extracellular calcium and a mobilization of intracellular (mitochondrial) calcium. An increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration appears to be the regulatory signal for these membrane transport processes.     

Temperature control of initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli

When an exponentially growing culture of Escherichia coli is cooled to below 8 °C, initiation of protein synthesis appears to be blocked, while the elongation of initiated proteins continues until they are completed. This is demonstrated here by showing that nascent polypeptide chains increase in size during a 5 °C incubation and that f2 viral coat protein is completed, but not initiated. Upon rewarming, the cells initiate protein synthesis synchronously. This is demonstrated by a transient rise in the incorporation of methionine which is used to initiate protein synthesis.     

Genetic Recombination in Coprinus. IV. a Kinetic Study of the Temperature Effect on Recombination Frequency

At the restrictive conditions (35 degrees under continuous light) Coprinus lagopus is unable to initiate premeiotic S phase which takes place normally within 8-10 h of karyogamy. A shift-up to the restrictive conditions causes an arrest of the basidiocarps at this critical stage. A prolonged arrest causes a reversal to mitosis (Lu 1974b). Incubation of basidiocarps at the restrictive conditions before this critical stage causes no increase in recombination frequency (R.F.) in the loci studied. An arrest of 4 h at the critical stage still causes no R.F. increase, but 12-13 h and 18-19 h arrests cause increases of 50% and 90% over the controls, respectively. Thus R.F. can be increased even before the cells are fully committed to meiosis.-A 3-h heat treatment at the beginning of S phase (or 8 h before karyogamy) also causes some (30%) increase in R.F. while the same treatment at late S phase (or 3 h before karyogamy) causes a substantial (164%) increase in R.F. over the controls. A 3-h heat treatment before S phase causes no increase in R.F.-Pachytene is also responsive to temperature treatments (Lu 1969). The maximum R.f. increase is 100% by heat and 220% by cold treatment. The shortest time that can cause the maximum increase in recombination by high temperature is 3 h and that by cold treatment is 7 h. These durations are correlated with the length of the pachytene stage under the treatment conditions. The kinetic data show that the increase in R.F. caused by high and low temperatures follows two-hit kinetics and their rate of increase is almost identical. The higher increase in R.F. by low temperature can be attributed to the increased duration of pachytene and therefore R.F. is a function of time. The longer the homologous chromosomes are held together, the higher the recombination frequency.