Alternation of respiratory pathways during the development of wheat leaf

P?i vývoji listu p?enice se zmen?uje stupeň inhibice dýchání fluoridem, monojodacetátem a malonátem a poměr mezi radioaktivitami¹⁴CO₂ uvolněného z glukosy-6-¹⁴C a glukosy-l-¹⁴C (C₆/C₁), co? svěd?í o zvět?ování podílu pentosovího cyklu v celkové respiraci. Tato změna v?ak neni zp?sobena absolutním zvět?ením aktivity pentosového eyklu u star?ích list?, nýbr? p?edev?ím poklesem aktivity glykolytického systému. Naproti tomu u list? oddělených od obilky se pri sní?ení vlhkosti atmosféry méní poměr mezi dýchacími cestami v d?sledku aktivace pentosového cyklu. Na základě disproporce mezi procentem glykolytického podílu respirace vypo?tenym ze sní?ení poměru C₆/C₁ p?i inhibici dýchání fluoridem a procentem inhibice dý chání fluoridem bylo diskutováno o mo?ných p?íoinách vysokých poměr? C₆/C₁ u mladých list?, u nich? byly v některých p?ípadech zji?těny hodnoty těchto poměr? dokonce vy??í ne? jedna.     

Increased sensitivity of the respiratory system of plants grown in gibberellic acid toward fluoride

V souvislosti s d?ívěj?imi údaji (Lu?tinec a Krektjle 1959, Lu?tinec, Krekule a PokornÁ 1960) o silném inhibi?ním ú?inku fluoridu na dychání rostlin pěstovaných v roztoku kyseliny giberelové byl pomocí specificky zna?ené glukosy a respira?ních inhibitor? zji?tován vztah krátko- i dlouhodobého p?sobení kyseliny giberelové k poměru mezi podíly glykolytického a pentosofosfátového odbourání v respiraci list? p?enice. V souhlase s výsledky Fanga a spol. (1960) byIo zji?těno, ?e kyselina giberelová v koncentracích 2 a? 80 mg/l neovlivńuje během několikahodinového p?sobení na roz?ezané listy p?enice poměr radioaktivit¹⁴CO₂ uvolněného z glukosy-6-¹⁴C a -1-¹⁴C (C₆/C₁) ani nemění v koncentraci 10 mg/l stupeń inhibice dýchání fluoridem, monojodacetátem a malonátem a spot?ebu kyslíku. Výdej¹⁴CO₂ z glukosy-l-¹⁴C a -6-¹⁴C kyselina giberelová sni?uje v lineární závislosti na pou?itých koncentracích. U rostlin pěstovaných v roztoku kyseliny giberelové (10–20 mg/l) se rychleji sni?uje poměr C₆C₁ i absolutní hodnoty radioaktivity během několika dní od vyklí?ení, ne? u rostlin pěstovaných ve vodě. To svěd?í o rychlej?ím zvět?ování podílu pentosového cyklu v respiraci pokusných rostlin. Fluorid brzdí p?i stejném nebo men?ím obsahu ve tkáni dýchání list? rostlin pěstovaných v roztoku kyseliny giberelové silněji ne? dýchání rostlin pěstovaných ve vodě, zatimco ûcinek monojodacetátu a malonátu je u stejně starých rostlin (4 dny) obou variant stejný. O mo?ných p?í?inách tohoto jevu bylo diskutováno.     

Specific Binding of Rubidium in Chlorella

Specific binding sites for potassium, which may be components of the carriers for active transport for K in Chlorella, were characterized by their capacity to bind rubidium. A dense suspension was allowed to take up Rb⁸⁶ from a low concentration of Rb⁸⁶ and a high concentration of ions which saturate non-specific sites. The amount bound was derived from the increase in the external concentration of Rb⁸⁶ following addition of excess potassium. The sites were heterogeneous. The average affinity of Rb and various other ions for the sites was determined by plotting the degree of displacement of Rb⁸⁶ against log molar concentration of the individual ions. Interpolation gave the concentration for 50 per cent displacement of Rb, which is inversely related to affinity. The order of affinity was not changed when the cells were frozen, or boiled either in water or in 70 per cent ethanol. The affinity is maximal for ions with a crystalline radius of 1.3 to 1.5 A and a high polarizability, and is not related to the hydrated radius or valency. It is suggested that binding groups in a site are rigidly arranged, the irregular space between them being 2.6 to 3.0 A across, so that affinity is high for ions of this diameter and high polarizability.     

Circular dichroism measurements of benzyl L-aspartate–nitrobenzyl L-aspartate copolymers and their use in detecting and characterizing preferred polymer conformations

We have examined the nature of the circular dichroism band at 330 mμ for a series of copolymers of β-p-nitrobenzyl L -aspartate with β-benzyl L -aspartate. The circular dichroism band arises from an electronic transition in the nitroaromatic group. In order to interpret the effect quantitatively, we employed a simplified statistical treatment and curve fitting for six copolymers. Both approaches gave consistent results, which indicates that the dichroism comes from pairwise interactions between two nitrobenzyl groups. We constructed a molecular model that meets the constraints and requirements of the analyses developed in this paper. In this model, it is proposed that the main chain forms a right-handed α-helix and that nitrobenzyl groups separated by four residues interact with each other.     

THE ACROSOME REACTION IN MYTILUS EDULIS : I. Fine Structure of the Intact Acrosome

The intact acrosome of the Mytilus edulis spermatozoon consists of a conical vesicle, the basal side of which is deeply invaginated so that the whole vesicle forms a sheath around a very slender axial rod, about 2.7 µ long, inserted in a tube passing through the nucleus. The annular base of the acrosomal vesical is filled with a homogeneous substance; the outer wall of the vesicle is lined with a somewhat irregular layer of a particulate substance interspersed with very fine tubular elements, and its lumen is nearly filled by a strand of material which extends from the inner tip of the invagination to the apex of the acrosome. The lumen of the invagination appears empty except for the rod and a delicate sleeve-like structure which surrounds it. The plasma membrane of the sperm cell lies in immediate contact with the acrosomal membrane over its whole outer surface. In its general organization, this molluscan acrosome shows a rather close homology with that of the annelid Hydroides.     

Production of the Milk Agent in Cultures of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma

Thin sections of tissue cultures grown from tumors of the RIII high-breast-cancer strain mice were studied in the electron microscope. These tissues contain an abundance of particles whose morphology is consistent with biophysical measurement of the milk agent. These particles, found only extracellularly in our cultures, are formed at the cell membrane. The process of formation, as reconstructed from sections, appears to include a thickening and protrusion of the cell membrane which then evolves gradually into a dense sphere and separates from the cell in much the same manner as does influenza virus. The contents of the newly formed body are later rearranged to form a nucleoid within a membranous sac.