Application of hydroelastic waves of the Chinese traditional medicine solution to the traumatotherapy

We have used hydroelastic waves to treat the closed trauma of the soft tissue. The Shu Huo Jiu (S. H. J.) which is the Chinese traditional medicine alcohol, was used as the fluid medium for generating the pressure waves. The biomechanical model was established and analysed. Both animal and human tests have been made. A practical system was designed, constructed and clinically tested to treat the closed trauma, such as the bruise, contusion, sprain etc.. This system was found to be effective.     

Effects of in vivo monoclonal anti-I-A antibody treatment in neonatal mice on intrathymic and peripheral class II antigen expression

Intrathymic, Ia-bearing antigen-presenting cells (APC) are believed to play an important role in the development of a mature, functional T-cell repertoire. We used chronic in vivo treatment of neonatal mice with anti-I-A monoclonal Ab (MAb) to examine the expression of I-A and I-E antigens on intrathymic and peripheral APC. Three weeks after continuous treatment with anti-I-A MAb, FACS analysis of unfractionated spleen cells revealed a 75-90% reduction in the number of I-A bearing cells. Splenic antigen-presenting capacity measured by the ability of unseparated or density gradient-enriched APC to stimulate I-A- or I-E-reactive T-cell hybridomas was also greatly reduced. In contrast to the expression of I-A and I-E molecules in the splenic APC, anti-I-A MAb treatment resulted in decreased thymic APC I-A expression without significant changes in I-E as measured by FACS analysis. This was confirmed in functional studies in which allo-I-A- or auto-I-A-reactive T-cell hybridomas could not be stimulated by treated thymic APC. Unlike splenic APC, anti-I-A-treated thymic APC did not differ significantly from normals in their ability to stimulate allo-I-E-reactive T hybridomas. This lack of linkage or comodulation of I-A and I-E expression on thymic but not splenic APC may allow us to study the role of I-A molecules and I-E molecules on the development and expansion of functional, mature T-cell repertoires.     

夏季高温对水牛瘤胃代谢的影响

利用南京地区夏季炎热的自然条件,连续两年在高温季节(7—8月)进行实验。第一年(系列Ⅰ)的实验动物为四头装置瘤胃瘘管的空怀母水牛,研究高温初期(27.5～33.4℃)和持续高温期(28.0～35℃)对水牛瘤胃消化代谢的影响。第二年实验(系列Ⅱ)利用三头装置瘤胃瘘管的海仔母水牛重复高温(26～35.3℃)实验。 夏季高温期间,实验水牛的呼吸率、瘤胃温度和直肠温度升高,采食量减少,饮水量增加,瘤胃液流速减缓。高温初期出现瘤胃代谢升高[总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和氨氮(NH_3-N)浓度及乙酸/丙酸(A/P)比率升高]。但在持续高温情况下,水牛的采食和瘤胃代谢均明显抑制。采取瘤胃内降温措施(投入冰袋)或冷水淋浴,均能迅速降低呼吸率、直肠和瘤胃温度,恢复采食和反刍,并缓解瘤胃代谢的抑制。提示动物机体参与调节瘤胃代谢的变化,并为改善水牛夏季的饲养管理提供生理学依据。     

苜蓿二磷酸核酮糖(RuBP)羧化酶体内活化作用的调节

苜蓿RuBP羧化酶的初活性和活化作用在不饱和光强下与光合速率一样随光强增加而增加。缺硫培养苜蓿叶片的光合速率和RuBP羧化酶的含量、初活性及总活性均比对照有不同程度的降低,其中酶的初活性与光合速率两者减少的趋势比较接近,说明RuBP羧化酶的初活性可能在光合CO_2固定作用中具有决定作用。然而,缺硫植株中酶的活化作用比对照明显增高。酶的活化作用与叶片中的叶绿素,6-PG,NADPH及ATP相对酶含量的比值成正比,与体内的酶量成反比。     

Phosphorylation of ankyrin decreases its affinity for spectrin tetramer

The effects of phosphorylation on the interaction between spectrin and ankyrin were investigated. Spectrin and ankyrin were phosphorylated using purified human erythrocyte membrane and cytosolic (casein kinase A) kinases. These two kinases have similar properties as well as activities toward spectrin and ankyrin. Both kinases catalyzed the incorporation of about 2 mol of phosphate/mol of spectrin and about 7 mol of phosphate/mol of ankyrin. These phosphates were incorporated primarily into seryl and threonyl residues of the proteins. The phosphopeptide maps of ankyrin phosphorylated by the membrane kinase and casein kinase A were identical. Binding studies indicate that ankyrin exhibits different affinities for spectrin dimers (KD = 2.5 +/- 0.9 X 10(-6) M) and tetramers (KD = 2.7 +/- 0.8 X 10(-7) M). These dissociation constants were not appreciably affected by the phosphorylation of spectrin. On the other hand, phosphorylation of ankyrin was found to significantly reduce its affinity for either phosphorylated or unphosphorylated spectrin tetramers (KD = 1.2 +/- 0.1 X 10(-6) M) but not spectrin dimers (KD = 2.5 +/- 0.4 X 10(-6) M). The same results were obtained using either the membrane kinase or casein kinase A as the phosphorylating enzyme. The above observation suggests that ankyrin phosphorylation may provide an important mechanism for the regulation of the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal network.     

Acidic metabolites. VI. 20 alpha-isosteroids as intermediates in 20 alpha-dihydrosteroid formation

We have previously shown that human subjects metabolize the 20 beta-epimer of isocortisol (11 beta, 17,20 beta-trihydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-en-21-al) to both 20 alpha- and 20 beta-hydroxy steroid end products. In this paper we describe the synthesis of tritium labeled 20 alpha-epimers of isocortisol and isoTHF (3 alpha, 11 beta, 17,20 alpha-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-21-al) and their metabolic fate in humans. Both steroids yielded 20 alpha-hydroxy urinary neutral end-products (cortols and cortolones) and no 20 beta-hydroxy epimers. Regeneration of 17-ketols from aldols occurred to a small extent with isoTHF, but not with isocortisol. Isocortisol and isoTHF yielded less cortoic acids than did the corresponding ketols. The results provide further evidence that in man the stereochemistry at C-20 of the end-products of corticosteroid metabolism is determined by the configuration of the aldol at C-20 prior to subsequent metabolic events.     

Prepubertal treatment with estrogen or testosterone precipitates the loss of regular estrous cyclicity and normal gonadotropin secretion in adult female rats

To examine the effects of prepubertal steroid environment on subsequent estrous cyclicity and gonadotropin secretion, Silastic implants containing 25, 50 or 100% 17 beta-estradiol (E2;n=34), 50% diethylstilbestrol (DES; n=16) or 50% testosterone (T; n=17) were placed into female rats at 12 days of age and removed on the day of vaginal opening (18-24 days of age). At 80 days of age, the percentages of regularly cycling females in the E2-(three groups combined), DES- and T-implanted groups were 59%, 0% and 59%, respectively. By 110 days of age, the percentages were reduced to 24%, 0% and 0%, and at 140 days of age 6%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Many of these females displayed irregular estrous cycles followed by a persistent estrous (PE) state. By contrast, 89% of the control females (blank implants or no implant) maintained regular cycles up to 140 days of age. At 150 days of age, an i.p. injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 ng/100 g BW) markedly increased serum luteinizing hormone (LH), but not follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in intact PE females treated prepubertally with E2 implants. After the test with GnRH, PE rats were ovariectomized (OVX). Thirty days after OVX, similar GnRH administration significantly increased serum levels of both LH and FSH, but these responses were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced when compared with those in OVX controls. Progesterone administration to estradiol benzoate-primed, acutely (3 days) OVX, or long-term (43 days) OVX-PE females did not increase LH or FSH release. These results indicate that exposure to exogenous estrogen or T prior to puberty precipitates the decline in estrous cyclicity associated with the loss of gonadotropin surge response, presumably due to an alteration in hypothalamic GnRH release.