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71.
B chromosomes are additional dispensable chromosomes that may be present in some individuals, populations, or species, which have probably arisen from the A chromosomes but follow their own evolutionary pathway. Supposedly, B chromosomes do not contain major genes except for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences that have been mapped on the supernumerary chromosomes of many plants and animals. This paper is a new report of B chromosome occurrence in plants. B chromosomes with nucleolar organizing regions (NORs) were found in a diploid sample of Nierembergiaaristata D. Don (sub nom. N. stricta Miers) (2n = 2x = 16). This is an extreme case in which B chromosomes possess not only strong nucleolar activity, as revealed by conventional staining methods, AgNOR and fluorescence banding, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), but also show nucleolar competition with the A chromosomes. The observed phenomenon could be analogous to the nucleolar dominance or 'differential amphiplasty' phenomenon that occurs in interspecific hybrids. 相似文献
72.
Prats-Puig A Bassols J Bargalló E Mas-Parareda M Ribot R Soriano-Rodríguez P Berengüí À Díaz M de Zegher F Ibánez L López-Bermejo A 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2011,19(9):1905-1907
Omentin-1 is a recently recognized adipokine primarily originating in visceral adipose tissue. We posited that circulating omentin-1 could be an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. To this end, we examined the associations between circulating omentin-1, body fat (bioelectric impedance), an endocrine-metabolic profile (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA(IR)), serum lipids, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and blood pressure (BP)) and family history of obesity and diabetes in asymptomatic prepubertal children (n = 161; 77 boys and 84 girls; age 7 ± 1 year) with a normal distribution of height and weight. Increased circulating omentin-1 was associated with a poorer metabolic profile, with relatively higher HOMA(IR), fasting triacylglycerol, BP and familial prevalence of diabetes (all P < 0.005 to P < 0.0001), and relatively lower fraction of HMW adiponectin (P < 0.005), whereas no relationship was found with body weight or fat or with family history of obesity. All these associations were independent of age, gender and fat mass. In conclusion, circulating omentin-1 may become a marker of metabolic dysfunction integrating insulin sensitivity, markers of adipose-tissue metabolism and BP as early as in prepubertal childhood. 相似文献
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Hugo Teixeira Gomes Patrícia Monah Cunha Bartos Clovis Oliveira Silva Lourdes Isabel Velho do Amaral Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira 《Plant Growth Regulation》2014,74(2):199-208
In this study, the different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were characterized biochemically. The total soluble sugars, starch, total free amino acids, and total proteins were extracted, identified and quantified at various stages of embryogenesis: zygotic embryos (initial explants), primary calluses, embryogenic calluses, calluses with pro-embryos, globular embryos, differentiated somatic embryos, and regenerated plants. It was found that at the onset of induction of SE, the level of soluble sugars in the tissues of the explants fell by half. During this period, the total soluble sugars present in the cultures consisted basically of glucose and fructose. In the process of regeneration and maturation, the concentrations of soluble sugars gradually increased, reaching the highest values in the last two stages of development. At this stage, the disaccharide sucrose accounts for more than 80 % of the composition of total soluble sugars in the explants. Compared to starch, we found that the concentrations thereof in developing tissues are inversely proportional to that of soluble sugars virtually throughout embryogenic development. As for free amino acids, we found that after 30 days of induction until formation of the embryogenic calluses, there is an accentuated synthesis of total free amino acids in the explant tissue. In this stage, there was a significant increase in the levels of alanine and serine in the tissues. However, after the formation of the embryogenic calluses, the levels of total free amino acids present in the cultures become stabile and remain constant until the end of cultivation. Similar results were found for total protein, which also showed a significant increase at the onset of induction, undergoing slight changes during the remainder of the cultivation. 相似文献
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The loss and transformation of habitat by anthropogenic activities is one of the main causes of biodiversity decrease. Amphibians are declining all over the world and one of the causes of this decline is thought to be habitat reduction. However, there are anuran populations in highly disturbed habitats, like cities. This study presents the ecological baseline needed to understand anuran communities in urban environments, for Salta City. Argentina (ca. 502,000 inhabitants). The sample was stratified by environments defined by infrastructure and geographic location. The species were identified by visual encounter techniques and by auditory transect during the 2002-2003 reproductive period. Three families, seven genera and twelve species were recorded and the species richness decreased from city border to center. Similarity index values among geographic areas was higher East-West (94.7) than South-West (33.3). Bufo arenarum was the only species recorded in all environments. Hyla andina and Odontophrynus americanus had a restricted distribution and are here considered vulnerable. The border effect can explain some distribution pattern in these populations. A map of the potential distribution of recorded species for Salta is provided. 相似文献
79.
Martín JA Brooks DA Prieto L González R Torrado A Rojo I López de Uralde B Lamas C Ferritto R Dolores Martín-Ortega M Agejas J Parra F Rizzo JR Rhodes GA Robey RL Alt CA Wendel SR Zhang TY Reifel-Miller A Montrose-Rafizadeh C Brozinick JT Hawkins E Misener EA Briere DA Ardecky R Fraser JD Warshawsky AM 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2005,15(1):51-55
Herein we describe a series of potent and selective PPARgamma agonists with moderate PPARalpha affinity and little to no affinity for other nuclear receptors. In vivo studies in a NIDDM animal model (ZDF rat) showed that these compounds are efficacious at low doses in glucose normalization and plasma triglyceride reduction. Compound 1b (LY519818) was selected from our SAR studies to be advanced to clinical evaluation for the treatment of type II diabetes. 相似文献
80.
Knupp VF Leite EM de Lourdes Cardeal Z 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2005,828(1-2):103-107
A headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed to determine metabolites of dimethylformamide, N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylformamide, and N-methylformamide (NMF) as NMF in urine by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). An SPME holder with a 65-microm PDMS/DVB fiber coating was used. Optimal desorption conditions were 250 degrees C for 1 min, adsorption at 80 degrees C for 15 min, and 3.00 mL of sample in the headspace vial. The method presented good resolution, repeatability, recovery, detection limit, ruggedness and response linearity. 相似文献